The problems of differentiated application of transosseous osteosynthesis techniques in the management of 17 patients with humeral cysts are described in the report. Radiographic and ultrasound characteristics of the affected bone in this pathology are presented. The anatomic and functional results have been evaluated.

Age peculiarities of the skeleton regarding the length of femoral and tibial bones, their shape, structure and appearance of ossification points were studied in 65 patients with achondroplasia. The work reports on the statistic data of neck-to-shaft angle changes depending on the age. It was revealed that three periods characterizing the rate of longitudinal bone growth and the degree of its differentiation could be defined in the skeleton bone development.

Both humeri of 17 achondroplasia patients aged from 12 to 16 years were lengthened using the method of bifocal distractional transosseous osteosynthesis. The formation of distractional regenerate bone was controlled by the method of рhoton absorptiometry. During distraction and fixation mineral content in medial area of the regenerate was lower, than in its other parts. By the end of fixation minerals distributed evenly along the distractional regenerate bone.

Radiographic picture of short tubular bone regeneration in limb lengthening has been studied in 68 children and juveniles with hypoplasia of metacarpal bones and finger phalanxes. The peculiarities of distraction regenerate formation and reconstruction in dependence on anatomical bone structure and osteotomy level have been revealed.

The data of the study of the total EMG amplitude and deflections frequency of gluteal muscles in the patients with neoarthrosis depending on the severity of the contracture and type of articular interaction in the hip are given in the report. Prior to operative intervention low functional possibilities of gluteal muscles were defined at the side of neoarthrosis in elliptic character of articular interaction as well as in S-shaped one. After limb reconstruction the prognosis for restoration of pre-operative parameters of gluteal muscles was favorable for the patients with elliptic character of articular interaction. Functional and adaptive possibilities of m.Gluteus medius and m.Gluteus maximus were considerably reduced in the patients with S-shaped neoarthrosis after subtrochanteric supportive osteotomies of femur.

Transporting function of limb tissues vascular bed in poly-local substitution of 9 cm congenital tibial defect was studied in 1 patient using the method of norms analysis in treatment dynamics. Hemodynamical and biomechanical parameters registered during treatment were compared with selective characteristics of similar indications in control group of the patients (13) of the same age (10-14years) treated by the technique of one-level fragment lengthening but with defects similar by nosology, location and size. It was stated that the indications with 0.95 probability did not overstep the limits of confiding interval and did not exceed compensatory and adaptive possibilities of the vascular bed of the operated limb.

A modified technique of polylocal formation of distraction regenerates, using a procedure of fragmentation of thinned fragmental ends in the process of tibial defect substitution is proposed.

The purpose of the investigation is to study the results of treatment of the patients with foot trauma and deformities using the method of external transosseous osteosynthesis.
35 patients with feet trauma and deformities operated using wire and half-pin external transosseous fixation were the objects of the study. Topographic and anatomic researches of half-pin fixator placement areas were performed on 5 male cadavers of mesomorphic build aged from 35 to 45. The peculiarities of wire and half-pin transosseous osteosynthesis in foot deformity correction as well as post-op care of the patients and immediate and late follow-ups of the treatment were also researched.
The directions and areas of half-pin fixators in talus and calcaneus were studied as well. Main results of the study revealed the advantages of wire and half-pin external transosseous fixation over the pure wire fixation. They included the simplicity of osteosynthesis technology and the reduction of specific complications number.

On the basis of differential analysis of clinical-and-roentgenological manifestations of pathology and results of treatment of 71 patients with femoral shaft defects, complicated by posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis, we have worked out and proposed the part of the classification "Classification of femoral shaft defects, complicated by posttraumatic chronic osteomyelitis". It allows to optimize the diagnostics and select tactics of treatment for this complex category of patients.

Current treatment of comminuted fractures of the extremities caused by high-energy gunshot wounds centers around external fixation. Monolateral external fixators are most commonly used today. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of the Ilizarov small wire external fixator as an alternative method for the treatment of these difficult fractures.
Eight patients who suffered severely comminuted long bone fractures caused by high-energy gunshot injury were treated with the Ilizarov small wire external fixator. The fracture sites were as follows: three distal humerus, one mid-radius, two proximal tibia, one distal tibia, and one distal femur fracture. Efficacy of treatment was determined by functional results (return to work, range of motion), radiologic results, complications, time course of functional return and additional procedures required. The average time of follow up was 25 months. One patient (mid-radius fracture) was lost to follow-up.
There were no cases ofosteomyelitis and all fractures went onto union. All of the limbs were salvaged with good length and alignment as seen on radiograph. There was one case of cellulitis that occurred in an HIV positive patient that resolved following Ilizarov removal. There was one reoperation for a pin reinsertion following incidental removal by the patient. The average length of fixation of all fractures was 16 weeks. All patients returned to work prior to Ilizarov removal and none had instability.
The results of this study suggest that the Ilizarov small wire external fixator may be superior to traditional monolateral frames with lower complication rates.

The article reports on the difficulties in management of the patients with calcaneal fractures. The classification of calcaneal fractures developed in Kurgan Center as well as methodological scheme of transosseous osteosynthesis after Ilizarov developed on the basis of this classification and applied for treatment of this category of the patients are described in the report.

The given work reports on the results of management of 21 patients with femoral shaft pseudarthrosis-defects complicated with marginal shape of chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis using the method of open and closed transosseous osteosynthesis. Positive outcomes of medical rehabilitation have been obtained in 95,2% of the patients. The application of transosseous osteosynthesis techniques with adequate operative intervention in osteomyelitic focus has been more effective than closed osteosynthesis.

The article reports on the topical problem of treatment of the trauma patients with diabetes mellitus. The peculiarities of pre-op preparation, transosseous osteosynthesis as well as post-op care of this category of the patients are described in the work. Brief analysis of the late anatomic and functional outcomes is given as well.

A model of vertebral body fracture with adjacent disc involvement is worked out by the authors, using extension mechanism of producing injury. Roentgen-and-morphological dynamics of the fracture union during external stable fixation with an apparatus is studied, as well as condition of anatomical structures in the operated spinal part. It is demonstrated, that creation of optimal biomechanical conditions allows to avoid secondary displacement of the caudal-and-ventral fragment and achieve a partial bone union of vertebral body fragments after 21-28 days and a complete one - after 42 days due to endosteal osteogenesis. Besides, damaged intervertebral disc is flattened and fibrotized, and Schmorl hernia persists in the subchondral part of vertebra.

The technique of closed osteosynthesis of femur with Ilizarov frame is described. Femoral fracture was complicated with the deformity of intramedullary nail. Ilizarov apparatus allowed to correct femoral axis, eliminate nail deformity, firmly fix the bone fragments and achive consolidation in proper position.

The device for correction of tibial mal-position is assembled from standart parts of Ilizarov apparatus and comprises three functional modules placed in femur, tibia and foot accordingly. The modules of the device are connected with hinge junctions and the mal-position of tibia and foot is corrected around the axes of hinge rotation. The device was applied in management of 14 patients with tibial aplasia. Developed technique of treatment and its device have shown their high efficacy - 93,8% with reduction of rehabilitation duration by 1,5-2 times - in comparison with modern methods of this pathology management.

New technique that allows to preserve intact bone structures and fill formed defect using intraosseous resection is offered in order to treat the patients with femoral injuries of acetabular and neck location.

The actual problem of the treatment of patients with long bone fractures followed by marginal bone defects is grounded in the report. The technique of transosseous osteosynthesis after Ilizarov in above injuries is described. The conclusion on high efficacy of the given technique of these patients management is made.