To the history of the method of transosseous osteosynthesis in the Middle Urals

Background. The article reviews the history of the study, development and application of the method of transosseous osteosynthesis in the Middle Urals. G.A. Ilizarov first presented his device and the results of its use in fracture repair at a meeting of the Trauma and Orthopedic Scientific Society in Sverdlovsk in December 1952. The report was met with great interest. Prof. F.R. Bogdanov invited him to conduct research on bone regeneration during compression osteosynthesis at the Ural Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics. The work initiated by G.A. Ilizarov and V.I. Stetsula gave rise to a large and longterm research on transosseous osteosynthesis at the Institute. The study focused on regeneration of bone, muscles, blood vessels and nerves, development and justification of compression-distraction osteosynthesis in fractures, limb shortening, nonunions, bone deformities, severe injuries to the pelvis, spine and spinal cord. Basic research was conducted to explore the role of the blood system and immune reactions involved in bone formation during limb lengthening.

Material and methods. Databases of scientific works and technical solutions registered with authorship certificates and patents of the USSR and the Russian Federation by fellow workers of the VOSKHITO, SNIITO, the Ural Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics, the holdings of the Institute's scientific archive facility were used for the article. The search depth is 68 years.

Results. The Ural V.D. Chaklin Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics has been studying and using the method of G.A. Ilizarov for many years and has made a significant contribution through theoretical rationale, development of new technologies of transosseous osteosynthesis, introduction and spread of the techniques over the vast territory of the Middle Urals and neighboring regions.

Conclusion. Despite the fact that in the recent years, transosseous osteosynthesis has to a certain extent been replaced in Russia by modern techniques with constructs of internal osteosynthesis, but there is no alternative to the method of G.A. Ilizarov in the treatment of gunshot wounds, open fractures, polytrauma, extensive bone defects, achondroplasia and many other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.

1. Ilizarov G.A. Sposob srashchivaniia kostei pri perelomakh i apparat dlia osushchestvleniia etogo sposoba [The method for bone fusion in case of factures and the device for implementing this method]. Author’s license no. 98471 SSSR, 102/17-762/447962, 1952. (in Russian)

2. Stetsula V.I., Ilizarov G.A. Regeneratsiia kostnoi tkani pervichnym natiazheniem pri artrodeze kolennogo sustava v eksperimente [Bone tissue regeneration with primary intention for the knee arthrodesis expermentally]. Trudy IV Sezda travmatologov i ortopedov Ukrainy [Proceedings of the IV Congress of traumatologists and orthopedists of the Ukraine]. Kharkov, 17-18 June, 1959. Kiev, Gos. Med. Izd-vo USSR, 1960, pp. 205-208. (in Russian)

3. Ilizarov G.A., Stetsula V.I., Rzhavina V.P. O regeneratsii kosti v usloviiakh polnoi i nepolnoi immobilizatsii [On bone regeneration under conditions of complete and incomplete immobilization]. Vestnik Khirurgii im. I.I. Grekova, 1961, no. 4, pp. 6-15. (in Russian)

4. Stakheev I.A., Stetsula V.I. O prizhivlenii auto- i gomotransplantatov pervichnym natiazheniem [On the engraftment of auto- and homografts with primary intention]. Trudy mezhobl. nauch.-prakt. konf., posviashchennoi kompressionnomu osteosintezu, sustavnoi patologii i voprosam klinicheskoi travmatologii Sverdlovskogo NII Travmatologii i Ortopedii “Voprosy Vosstanovitelnoi Khirurgii, Travmatologii i Ortopedii”, 1961 [Proceedings of the Interregional Scientific-Practical Conference devoted to Compression Osteosynthesis, Articular Pathology and Problems of Clinical Traumatology of the Sverdlovsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics “Problems of Restorative Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopedics”, 1961], Sverdlovsk, 1962, vol. 8, pp. 32-35. (in Russian)

5. Stetsula V.I., Stakheev I.A. Rol kontakta i davleniia v reparativnoi regeneratsii kosti [Role of contact and pressure in bone reparative regeneration]. Voprosy Vosstanovitelnoi Khirurgii, Travmatologii i Ortopedii: sb. statei, Sverdlovsk, 1964, vol. 9, pp. 448-450. (in Russian)

6. Stetsula V.I., Novitskaia N.V. Regeneratsiia kosti pri kompressionnom osteosinteze diafiza v eksperimente [Bone regeneration in compression osteosynthesis of the shaft experimentally]. Trudy mezhobl. nauch.-prakt. konf., posviashchennoi kompressionnomu osteosintezu, sustavnoi patologii i voprosam klinicheskoi travmatologii Sverdlovskogo NII Travmatologii i Ortopedii “Voprosy Vosstanovitelnoi Khirurgii, Travmatologii i Ortopedii”, 1961 [Proceedings of the Interregional Scientific-Practical Conference devoted to Compression Osteosynthesis, Articular Pathology and Problems of Clinical Traumatology of the Sverdlovsk Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics “Problems of Restorative Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopedics”, 1961], Sverdlovsk, 1962, vol. 8, pp. 44-49. (in Russian)

7. Stetsula V.I. novoobrazovanii kapilliarov pri reparativnoi regeneratsii kostei [On new formation of capillaries for reparative bone regeneration]. Materialy Konferentsii, posviashchennoi 100-letiiu Kafedry Gistologii VMA im. S.M. Kirova [Proceedings of the Conference devoted to 100th Anniversary of the Department of Histology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy. L., 19680, pp. 204-205. (in Russian)

8. Stetsula V.I., Veklich V.V. Osnovy upravliaemogo chreskostnogo osteosinteza [Fundamentals of guided transosseous osteosynthesis]. M., Meditsina, 2003, 220 p. (in Russian)

9. Shtin V.P, Nikitenko E.T. Morfologicheskie dannye k obosnovaniiu sroka nachala distraktsii pri operativnom udlinenie goleni v eksperimente [Morphological data to substantiate the timing of distraction onset during surgical lengthening of the leg experimentally]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1974, no. 5, pp. 48-51. (in Russian)

10. Shtin V.P., Giulnazarova S.V. Morfogenez mezhotlomkovoi tkani na rannikh etapakh distraktsii gipertroficheskikh psevdoartrozov (eksperimentalnomorfologicheskoe issledovanie) [Morphogenesis of interfragmental tissue at the early stages of distraction of hypertrophic pseudoarthroses (an experimental-and-morphological study)]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1985, no. 9, pp. 5-9. (in Russian)

11. Giulnazarova S.V. Lechenie «boltaiushchikhsia» psevdoartrozov s odnovremennym udlineniem na urovne patologicheskogo ochaga (eksperimentalnoe issledovanie) [Treatment of “flail” pseudoarthroses with simultaneous lengthening at the level of the pathological focus (an experimental study)]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1978, no. 11, pp. 31-34. (in Russian)

12. Giulnazarova S.V., Shtin V.P. Lechenie lozhnykh sustavov. Teoriia i praktika metoda distraktsii [Treatment of pseudoarthroses. Theory and practice of the method of distraction]. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural. Un-ta, 1992, 143 p. (in Russian)

13. Fedotova R.G. K metodike operativnogo udlineniia vrozhdenno-ukorochennoi konechnosti u detei [Towards the technique of surgical lengthening of a congenitally shortened limb in children]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1970, no. 12, pp. 18-22. (in Russian)

14. Gorbunova Z.I., compiler. Pokazaniia i taktika vedeniia bolnykh pri udalenii goleni metodom distraktsionnogo epifizeoliza po Ilizarovu: metod. rek. [Indications and tactics of managing patients when lengthening the leg by the method of distraction epiphysiolysis according to Ilizarov: a technique manual]. MZ RSFSR, SB VKNTs VTiO. Sverdlovsk, 1989, 17 p. (in Russian)

15. Shtin V.P., Mikhailova L.N. Ob osobennostiakh regeneratsii pri distraktsii kostnykh otlomkov [On the special features of regeneration in case of distraction of bone fragments]. Arkhiv Patologii, 1978, no. 8, pp. 50-56. (in Russian)

16. Lavrishcheva G.I., Shtin V.P. Osobennosti reparativnykh protsessov pri distraktsionnom osteosinteze [Special features of reparative processes in distraction osteosynthesis]. Trudy 3-go Vsesoiuznogo Sezda Travmatologov-ortopedov. Moskva, 13-15 Maia, 1975 [Proceedings of the 3rd All-Union Congress of Traumatologists-orthopedists. Moscow, May 13-15, 1975]. M., TsITO, 1976, pp. 179-184. (in Russian)

17. Mikhailova L.N., Shtin V.P. Elektronno-mikroskopicheskoe issledovanie osobennostei differentsiatsii skeletogennoi tkani pri distraktsionnom osteosinteze [An eletrone-microscopic study of the special features of differentiation of skeletogenous tissue in distraction osteosynthesis]. Arkhiv Patologii, 1979, no. 5, pp. 55-63. (in Russian)

18. Stetsula V.I., Lavrishcheva G.I., Shtin V.P., Mikhailova L.N. Biologicheskie aspekty udlineniia konechnostei [Biological aspects of limb lengthening]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1984, no. 9, pp. 21-26. (in Russian)

19. Ilizarov G.A., Lediaev V.I., Shtin V.P. Techenie reparativnoi regeneratsii kompaktnoi kosti pri distraktsionnom osteosinteze v razlichnykh usloviiakh fiksatsii kostnykh otlomkov (eksperimentalnoe issledovanie) [The course of reparative regeneration of compact bone in distraction osteosynthesis under various conditions of the fixation of bone fragments (an experimental study)]. Eksperimentalnaia Khirurgiia i Anesteziologiia, 1966, no. 6, pp. 3-12. (in Russian)

20. Shtin V.P., Kochutina L.N., Reutov A.I. Otsenka vozmozhnostei kosteobrazovaniia i sokhraneniia gistostruktury myshts pri bilokalnom distraktsionnom osteosinteze [Evaluatiion of the possibilities of bone formation and muscle histostructure preservation in bilocal distraction osteosynthesis]. Materialy 3-go Mezhdunarodnogo Seminara po usovershenstvovaniiu apparatov i metodov vneshnei fiksatsii “Apparaty i Metody Vneshnei Fiksatsii v Travmatologii i Ortopedii” [Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on the Improvement of External Fixators and Methods of External Fixation “Devices and Methods of External Fixation in Traumatology and Orthopaedics”]. Riga, 1989, pp. 258. (in Russian)

21. Reutov A.I. Sravnitelnaia kharakteristika metodov mono- i bilokalnogo distraktsionnogo osteosinteza po G.A. Ilizarovu (eksperimentalnoe issledovanie) [Comparative characteristics of the techniques of mono- and bifocal distraction osteosynthesis according to G.A. Ilizarov (experimental study)]. Genij Ortopedii, 2002, no. 3, pp. 108-115. (in Russian)

22. Kochutina L.N., Reutov A.I. Reaktivnost skeletnoi myshechnoi tkani i regeneratsiia kosti pri bolshikh odnoetapnykh udlineniiakh metodom monolokalnogo distraktsionnogo osteosinteza po Ilizarovu [Reactivity of skeletal muscle tissue and bone regeneration in large one-stage lengthenings by the method of monolocal distraction osteosynthesis according to Ilizarov]. Tez. dokl. mezhdunar. konf. “Eksperimentalnoteoreticheskie i Klinicheskie Aspekty razrabatyvaemogo v KNIIEKOT metoda chreskostnogo osteosinteza”, 3-5 sentiabria 1986 g. [Proceedings of the International Conference “Experimental-theoretical and Clinical Aspects of the Transosseous Osteosynthesis method, being developed in KSRIECOT”, September 3-5, 1986]. Kurgan, 1986, pp. 36-38. (in Russian)

23. Kochutina L.N., Kudriavtseva I.P., Chumasov E.I., Svetikova K.M. Izmeneniia nervnykh provodnikov i ikh kontsevykh apparatov v myshtsakh i kozhe pri bolshikh odnoetapnykh udlineniiakh konechnosti po G.A. Ilizarovu [Changes of nerve conductors and their terminal apparatus in muscles and skin in case of large one-stage limb lengthenings according to G.A. Ilizarov]. Arkhiv Anatomii, Gistologii i Embriologii, 1990, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 24-31. (in Russian)

24. Kudriavtseva I.P., Safonova G.D., Berdiugin K.A. Reaktsiia nervnykh struktur na dozirovannoe rastiazhenie tkanei pri udlinenii konechnosti [Response of nerve structures to graduated tissue stretching during limb lengthening]. Fundamentalnye Issledovaniia, 2014, no. 10-2, pp. 416-419. (in Russian)

25. Iastrebov A.P., Osipenko A.V. Sistema krovi i regeneratsiia kostnoi tkani [Blood system and bone tissue regeneration]. Sverdlovsk, Izd-vo Ural. Un-ta, 1990, 124 p. (in Russian)

26. Osipenko A.V., Chereshnev V.A. Immunobiologicheskie mekhanizmy regeneratsii tkanei [Immunobiological mechanisms of tissue regeneration]. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural. Un-ta, 1997, 129 p. (in Russian)

27. Bazarnyi V.V., Makarova E.B., Mamaev V.I. Otsenka effektivnosti immunoreabilitatsii pri udlinenii konechnosti [Evaluation of the effectiveness of immune rehabilitation when limb lengthening]. Tez. dokl. 2 mezhdunar. simp. “Reabilitatsiia immunnoi sistemy” [Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium “Rehabilitation of the Immune System”]. Tskhaltubo, 1990, pp. 152. (in Russian)

28. Mamaev V.I. Rannee prognozirovanie sostoianiia kosteobrazovaniia pri udlinenii kostei [Early prediction of bone formation condition when bone lengthening]. Ortopediia, Travmatologiia i Protezirovanie, 1984, no. 4, pp. 32-35. (in Russian)

29. Mamaev V.I. Prognozirovanie iskhodov operativnogo lecheniia bolnykh s posledstviiami perelomov dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei: monografiia [Prediction of the outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with the consequences of fractures of long tubular bones: a monograph]. Ekaterinburg, Chaklin UNIITO, 2015, 173 p. (in Russian)

30. Giulnazarova S.V., Kuznetsova O.A. Ossein-gidroksiapatitnyi kompleks v lechenii bolnykh s psevdoartrozami bedra i kostei goleni, oslozhnennymi sistemnym osteoporozom [Ossein-hydroxyapatite complex in treatment of patients with pseudoarthroses of the femur and leg bones, complicated by systemic osteoporosis]. Vestnik Travmatologii i Ortopedii im. N.N. Priorova, 2006, no. 2, pp. 21-24. (in Russian)

31. Trifonova E.B., Kuchiev A.Iu. Effekt giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii pri immobilizatsionnom osteoporoze v eksperimente [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation in immobilization osteoporosis experimentally]. Materialy pervogo sezda travmatologov-ortopedov uralskogo federalnogo okruga 1-3 iiunia 2005 g. “Vysokie tekhnologii v travmatologii i ortopedii: organizatsiia, diagnostika, lechenie, reabilitatsiia, obrazovanie” [Proceedings of the 1st Congress of traumatologists-orthopedists of the Ural Federal Region, June 1-3, 2005, “High Technologies in Traumatology and Orthopaedics: organization, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, education”]. Ekaterinburg, Avtograf, 2005, pp. 282-283. (in Russian)

32. Burmatova A.Iu., Trifonova E.B., Ganzha A.A. Osobennosti markerov osteogeneza pri primenenii metallofiksatorov s DLC-pokrytiem u patsientov s immobilizatsionnym osteoporozom [The peculiar properties of osteogenesis markers when using metal fixators with DLC-coating in patients with immobilization osteoporosis]. Genij Ortopedii, 2015, no. 3, pp. 100-102. (in Russian)

33. Serebrennikov N.A. Ustroistvo N.A. Serebrennikova dlia repozitsii i fiksatsii kostei taza pri perelomakh [N.A. Serebrennikov’s device for reposition and fixation of pelvic bones in fractures]. Author’s license no. 563968 SSSR, 1975. (in Russian)

34. Kutepov S.M., Mineev K.P., Stelmakh K.K., Shlykov I.L. Apparat dlia osteosinteza perelomov tazovykh kostei [A device for osteosynthesis of pelvic bone fractures]. Patent RF no. 1811386, A61B 17/60, 1989. (in Russian)

35. Kutepov S.M., Mineev K.P., Stelmakh K.K. Anatomo-khirurgicheskoe obosnovanie lecheniia tiazhelykh perelomov kostei taza apparatami vneshnei fiksatsii [Anatomic-and-surgical grounding of treating severe pelvic bone fractures with external fixators]. Ekaterinburg, Izd-vo Ural. Un-ta, 1992, 160 p. (in Russian)

36. Kutepov S.M., Novitskaia N.V., Mineev K.P., Stelmakh K.K., compilers. Lechenie perelomov kostei taza apparatami vneshnei fiksatsii: metod. rek. [Treatment of pelvic bone fractures with external fixators: a technique manual]. Sverdlovsk, 1991, 13 p. (in Russian)

37. Mineev K.P., Stelmakh K.K. Lechenie tiazhelykh povrezhdenii taza i pozvonochnika [Treatment of severe involvements of the pelvis and spine]. Ulianovsk, Simbirskaia Kniga, 1996, 182 p. (in Russian)

38. Runkov A.V., Shlykov I.L. Ustroistvo vneshnei fiksatsii dlia lecheniia perelomov tazovykh kostei [A device for external fixation for treating pelvic bone fractures]. Patent RF 2000125394, A61B 17/66, 2000. (in Russian)

39. Runkov A.V., comp. Chreskostnyi osteosintez taza i vertluzhnoi vpadiny: metod. rek. [Transosseous osteosynthesis of the pelvis and acetabulum]. Ekaterinburg, 2001, 23 p. (in Russian)

40. Runkov A.V., Shlykov I.L., Bliznets D.G., Bogatkin A.A., compilers. Maloinvazivnyi osteosintez povrezhdenii zadnikh otdelov taza: med. tekhnologiia [Little-invasive osteosynthesis of injuries of the posterior pelvic parts]. Ekaterinburg, 2011, 19 p. (in Russian)

41. Shlykov I.L., Runkov A.V. Apparat dlia zakrytogo ustraneniia stoikikh deformatsii tazovogo koltsa [The device for closed elimination of persistent deformities of the pelvic ring]. Patent RF no. 26186, A61B17/66, 2002. (in Russian)

42. Solomin L.N. Osnovy chreskostnogo osteosinteza apparatom G.A. Ilizarova [Basics of transosseous osteosynthesis with the Ilizarov fixator]. SPb., Morsar AB, 2005, 544 p. (in Russian)

43. Solomin L.N., ed. The Basic Principles of External Skeletal Fixation Using the Ilizarov and Other Devices. Ed. 2. Springer-Verlag Mailand, 2012, 1596 p.

44. Solomin L.N., ed. Osnovy chreskostnogo osteosinteza. Chastnye voprosy [Basics of transosseous osteosynthesis. Specific issues]. Ed. 2. M., BINOM, 2015, vol. 3, 560 p. (in Russian)

45. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B., Glazyrin D.I. Ustroistvo i sposob vneochagovogo osteosinteza pozvonochnika [The device and the way of the spine extrafocal osteosynthesis]. Patent RF no. 2115381, A61B 17/56, 1996. (in Russian)

46. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B. Sposob lecheniia povrezhdenii pozvonochnika, oslozhnennykh spinalnymi narusheniiami [The way of treating the spine injuries, complicated by spinal disorders]. Patent RF no. 2147844, A61B 17/56, 1996. (in Russian)

47. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B., Glazyrin D.I. Ustroistvo vneochagovogo osteosinteza pozvonochnika [The device for the spine extrafocal osteosynthesis]. Patent RF no. 4904, A61B 17/60, 1996. (in Russian)

48. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B. Osteosintez apparatom vneshnei fiksatsii u bolnykh s povrezhdeniiami i zabolevaniiami pozvonochnika [Osteosynthesis with an external fixator in patients with injuries and diseases of the spine]. Ekaterinburg, 2002, 208 p. (in Russian)

49. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B. Ustroistvo dlia stabilizatsii grudnogo i poiasnichnogo otdela pozvonochnika pri perelomakh [The device for stabilization of the thoracic and lumbar spine in case of fractures]. Patent RF no. 36199, A61B 17/00, 2003. (in Russian)

50. Lavrukov A.M., Tomilov A.B., Shalamov A.M. Ustroistvo dlia osteosinteza pozvonochnika [The device for the spine osteosynthesis]. Patent RF no. 43146, A61B 17/00, 2004. (in Russian)

51. Tomilov A.B., Plakhin E.V., Berdiugin K.A. Sposob ustraneniia zastarelykh deformatsii pozvonochnika [The way of elimination of the spine old deformities]. Patent RF no. 2345729, A61B 17/56, 2006. (in Russian)

52. Berdiugin K.A., Tomilov A.B. Sposob opredeleniia zadnego smeshcheniia pozvonka [The way of determination of the posterior displacement of the vertebra]. Patent RF no. 2358651, A61B 6/00, 2007. (in Russian)

53. Tomilov A.B., Mukhachev V.A., Plakhin E.V. Sposob khirurgicheskogo lecheniia spondiloliznogo spondilolisteza v poiasnichnom otdele pozvonochnika [The way of surgical treatment of spondylolis spondylolisthesis in the lumbar spine]. Patent RF no. 2433798, A61B 17/70, 2010. (in Russian)

54. Khimich Iu.V., Tomilov A.B., Zelskii I.A. Sposob opredelenii pokazanii k vypolneniiu perednego mezhtelovogo spondilodeza pri khirurgicheskom lechenii bolnykh s kompressionno-oskolchatymi perelomami v nizhnem grudnom i poiasnichnom otdele pozvonochnika [The way of determining indications for performing the anterior interbody spondylodesis in surgical treatment of patients with compression comminuted fractures in the lower thoracic and lumar spine]. Patent RF no. 2445038, A61B 17/56, 2010. (in Russian)

55. Tomilov A.B., Plakhin E.V., Khimich Iu.V. Sposob stabilizatsii perelomov tel pozvonkov, oslozhnennykh osteoporozom [The way of stabilization of vertebral body fractures, complicated by osteoporosis]. Patent RF no. 2467715, A61B 17/56, 2011. (in Russian)

56. Tomilov A.B., Plakhin E.V., Khimich Iu.V., Zubkov E.A. Sposob intraoperatsionnogo kontrolia sostoianiia pozvonochnogo kanala pri zakrytoi repozitsii oskolchatykh perelomov tel pozvonkov [The way of intraoperative controlling the spinal canal condition in closed reposition of vertebral body comminuted fractures]. Patent RF no. 2474395, A61B 17/56, 2011. (in Russian)

57. Tomilov A.B., Khimich Iu.V., Plakhin E.V., Zubkov E.A. Sposob monosegmentarnoi transpedikuliarnoi stabilizatsii perelomov tel nizhnikh grudnykh i poiasnichnykh pozvonkov [The way of monosegmental transpedicular stabilization of the bodies of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine]. Patent RF no. 2485904, A61B 17/56, 2012. (in Russian)

58. Aktovaia rech G.A. Ilizarova «Nekotorye provodimye nami fundamentalnye issledovaniia i ikh obshchebiologicheskoe znachenie» (na Vsesoiuznoi Konferentsii s uchastiem inostrannykh spetsialistov, posviashchennoi 70-letiiu G.A. Ilizarova, 13-15 iiunia 1991 goda, g. Kurgan). Chast I [G.A. Ilizarov’s Grand Speech “Some fundamental research performed by us and their general biological significance” (made at the National Conference with participation of foreign specialists devoted to G.A. Ilizarov’s 70-th anniversary, June 13-15, 1991, Kurgan). Part I.]. Genij Ortopedii, 2015, no. 1, pp. 7-12. (in Russian)

59. Ilizarov G.A. Obshchebiologicheskoe svoistvo tkanei otvechat na dozirovannoe rastiazhenie rostom i regeneratsiei (effekt Ilizarova): Diplom 355 (SSSR) [General biological property of tissues to respond to graduated stretching with growth and regeneration (the Ilizarov effect): Diploma 355 (USSR)], 1985. (in Russian)