The importance of foot on the whole and that of calcaneus in particular in the kinematic human system is substantiated in the work. Results of study of biomechanical foot functions are demonstrated in the patients with calcaneal fractures, who have been treated by the technique of transosseous osteosynthesis according to Ilizarov.

Functional load on heads of metatarsal bones 20 % decreased and that on calcaneal tuber increased up to 66 % in 18 patients as a result of foot equinus deformity correction with the Ilizarov apparatus. Force in the posterior group of leg muscles, which was 62 % before treatment in patients with leg growth retardation and 35 % in patients with defects of the anterior parts of foot in comparison with the contralateral limb level, reached 46 %. Reserve potentials of the vascular bed of muscles increased as far as myotility ability increased.

Data of the stabilometric study of static stability in patients with neoarthrosis of the supra-acetabular region are given in the work in comparison with a group of normal subjects. A relationship of location of common mass centre (CMC) projection and range of CMC variations is revealed to manifestation of pain syndrome, amount of limb shortening and Duchenne-Trendelenburg symptom presence. Stability in patients with neoarthrosis is decreased for certain before surgery. After limb reconstruction static stability of the patients improves by increasing effectiveness of the systems, regulating CMC position.

10 male patients at the age of 13-25 with posttraumatic arthrogenic flexion-and-extension contractures of the elbow are investigated before treatment and in different periods after it. Methods of dynamometry and global electromyography are used. Objects of investigation: forearm flexors and extensors (musculus biceps and musculus triceps brachii). The indices analysed: moments of force of the mentioned muscular groups, force of hand grip, mean amplitude and frequency of total EMG oscillations, histograms of distribution of total EMG amplitudes, reciprocity coefficients. It is shown, that functional potentials of imuscles of an involved limb are decreased a little. Surgery and factors of apparatus treatment stimulate development of a specific reaction, characterized by fall and subsequent recovery of force and bioelectric characteristics of the tested muscles, accompanied by disproportions in conjugate activity of antagonist muscles, maintaining the elbow.

237 patients with achondroplasia were studied at different stages of lower limb segmental elongation according to Ilizarov for the purpose of height increase. It was demonstrated, that not only longitudinal sizes were considerably decreased before treatment, but muscular elasticity as well, and circulation rate was one-third higher. Relatively slow increase of muscular elasticity index was noted during treatment. After treatment the indices were the nearest to normal ones, when leg reached 80% definitive level of length of up-to-date accelerated subjects of the same age.

Results of the studies demonstrated the possibility of impartial assessment of both density and structure of distraction regenerate during ultrasonographic study of the bone being elongated. Moreover, control of the regeneration process had been possible just from the first days of distraction, when the regenerate is roentgen-negative. A parallel studies of elongated segment X-ray, using DiaMorph-Cito complex, gave the possibility to investigate the dynamics of optical density changes in different parts of the regenerate and correlation change of the structures, forming the regenerate initial image, as well as to draw a parallel between the data of sonography and those of roentgenologic study.

The data are given, obtained during study of the effect of humeral segment elongation by the method of bilocal distraction osteosynthesis on characteristics of total electromyogram of humeral muscles, reflecting the dynamics of functional condition of the elbow muscular antagonists. 17 patients with achondroplasia at the age of 9-16 were used for the study after simultaneous elongation of both humeri with mean lengthening of 9,7 ± 1,5 cm or 67,2% of initial length. Mean amount of amplitude and frequency of oscillations in the conditions of "arbitrary maximal stress" functional test was calculated for analysis of total electromyogram parameters. The analysis of the obtained data demonstrated, that in the shor-term and long-term postelongative periods the dynamics of activity level changes reflected the process of structural-and-functional reorganization of neuromuscular substrates, which, however, was not accompanied by pathologic disorders.

Biochemical indices, reflecting reparative osteogenesis process, and content of osteotropic hormones were studied in 17 patients during femoral elongation in automatic mode. Mathematical correlations of radioimmune and biochemical indices at different stages of treatment were revealed. Regulation change and reparative osteogenesis condition are also studied after stimulation by producing compression forces on the basis of the criteria, worked out at Russian Ilizarov Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopaedics".

At the patients with a various pathology of the hip joint treated by a method total hip replacement , in the age from 15 till 72 years, the research on the automatic biochemical analyzer of American firm "Beckman" is produced the following microelements of whey of blood: К - at 47 persons, Na - at 51, Ca and P - at 86, Fe'- at 65, Mg-at 48, Cl - at 35 before operation, on the 1-st, 10-th, 20-th, 30-th day after it. The analysis of outcomes of research conducted without division of the patients on indications of a sexual fittings.
Is detected, that the given operation calls various violations of electrolytes balance behind an elemination of phosphorus, which contents in whey of blood neither in nearest, nor in remote postoperative period essentially does not vary. The most expressed changes happened in balance K, Fe, Mg, Cl. The reason of origin of these violations had explained. The terms of recovery of a normal level of each microelement had determined.

Differentiated use of transosseous osteosynthesis techniques for treatment of 45 patients with bone cysts is discussed in the work. Clinical-and-roentgenologic characteristics of bone lesions are given for this pathology. Analysis of anatomofunctional results of treatment is made.

Algorithm, as well as biomechanical substantiation is given for correction of limb biomechanical axis in frontal plane in patients with ankylosis of the hip in malposition. The algorithm allows modelling of natural biomechanics of limb distal parts in view of individual features of a patient.

Arthrodesis of interphalangeal joints was performed in two patients with neglected dislocations of finder phalanges. Distraction of involved joints was made first, using the ilizarov mini-apparatus.

The method of distraction osteosynthesis was used in 285 patients with arterial occlusions of upper and lower limbs, which occurred as a result of obliterating endarteritis and atherosclerosis and which were accompanied by chronic ischemia of tissues of II - IV Stage. Clinical, angiographic and instrumental methods showed, that surgical treatment of patients with occlusion diseases of limb arteries of distal type was accompanied by persistent compensation of ischemic disorders after formation of bone split, its transportation in the transverse direction with formation of a distraction regenerate, changed to mature bone tissue. Analysis of treatment outcomes revealed the best results in patients with endarteritis and ischemia of II Stage. Distraction osteosynthesis in these patients provided prolonged remission of the disease and opposite development of its symptoms. Compensation of vascular-and-trophic disorders was also noted in patients with ischemia of III - IV Stages. Ulceronecrotic foci, if not disappeared, separated and became suitable to perform necrectomy or economical amputation of distal limb parts. Positive result of treatment was noted in 236 patients (88,9%) and was maintained for three years in 86% of those observed. The method of distraction osteosynthesis is an effective means for compensation of chronic ischemia in non-constructable occlusions of limb arteries.

Results are given concerning treatment of patients with multiple fractures of limb segments, which are accompanied by damages of internal organs. The author proposes a program of in-patient treatment of patients with multiple trauma. Outcomes of treatment are analyzed, using different techniques: plaster cast, skeletal traction, transosseous osteosynthesis.

Analysis of results is given concerning treatment of 3000 children with different limb deformities, using a technique of transosseous osteosynthesis. It is noted, that the Ilizarov technique in pediatric orthopaedics is of high effectiveness and it merited universal acknowledgement among traumatologists and orthopaedists of Uzbekistan.

The workers have published 346 works for the period of the laboratory activity, including 158 ones in the central press. The developed techniques for investigation of patients have been defended by two patients. Lymph rate in upper and lower limbs of normal subjects after limb inguries and elongations has been determinited for the first time. Mineral content of a regenerate and sceleton on the whole has been investigated during osteosynthesis. The effect of endocrine system, gastrointestinal tract on activity of reparative process is revealed. The obtained data are used for development of a complex scheme for correction of functional organic changes during osteogenesis.

The work deals with analysis of literary references on the problem of treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis. Procedures of reconstructive-and-restorative surgeries are compared, the role of transosseous osteosynthesis in treatment of such patients is revealed.

A dynamometric device was designed for measuring compression-distraction forces in a mini-fixator. The mini-fixator was used to make a reserve of soft tissues of the hand and foot interdigital spaces in patients with syndactyly, posttraumatic stumps of digital phalanges during the first interdigital space phalangization. The usage of the described device increased the number of techniques for controlling biomechanical condition of soft tissues of the patients with hand and foot pathology.

Treatment of neglected dislocations of hand finger phalanges is discussed. A device is described, mounted from the Ilizarov mini-apparatus parts and used for treatment of the pathology, mentioned above; the principle of its work is described as well. Its successful use in clinical practice is illustrated.