Биосовместимые имплантаты в ортопедии: инженерия костной ткани
https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-6-662-668
EDN: JIAIND
Аннотация
Введение. Технологический прогресс в течение последних 30 лет способствовал исследованиям и прогрессу в области имплантов для реконструктивной ортопедии. Это направление позволило практически полностью отказаться от применения аутоимплантов из-за недостатков их использования.
Цель. Продемонстрировать достижения последних 30 лет в разработке биоимплантатов, являющихся альтернативой костной пластике в реконструктивной ортопедии.
Материалы и методы. При подготовке обзора для поиска информации использовались научные платформы PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, RSCI. Поисковыми словами и словосочетаниями были: биоактивные остеоиндуктивные импланты, костные трансплантаты, костная реконструкция, гидроксиапатит, костные скаффолды, bioactive osteoinductive implants, bone grafting, bone reconstruction, hydroxyapatite, bone scaffolds.
Результаты. Основные направления тканевой инженерии в области ортопедии представлены 3D-имплантами, обеспечивающими детерминированную клеточную миграцию, пролиферацию и дифференцировку и сохраняющие на протяжении требуемого времени достаточную механическую прочность своей структуры. Сочетание биодеградируемых имплантов с импрегнацией их костным морфогенетическим белком стимулирует регенерацию реконструируемой кости. Программируемая и контролируемая резорбция имплантов в сочетании с замещением их новой костной тканью является основным вектором развития инженеринга костной ткани.
Обсуждение. Данный обзор включил в себя представление и критическое обсуждение экспериментального и клинического применения биотолерантных, биоинертных и биоактивных материалов, разрабатываемых и применяемых в настоящее время для реконструктивной ортопедии. Существует консенсусное мнение, что биоматериалы будущего, применяемые в ортопедии, должны обладать остеоиндуктивными и остеокондуктивными свойствами.
Заключение. Свойства поликапролактона, импрегнированного гидроксиапатитом (от 10 дo 50 wt %) в сочетании с контролируемой и прогнозируемой абсорбцией, делают этот гибридный материал наиболее перспективным для изготовления имплантов в сравнении с иными композитными материалами.
Об авторах
А. В. Попков
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова
Россия
Россия
Арнольд Васильевич Попков – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник
Д. А. Попков
Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова; Крагуевацкий университет, медицинский факультет
Россия
Россия
Дмитрий Арнольдович Попков – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, член-корреспондент Французской академии медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед, руководитель Клиники
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Попков А.В., Попков Д.А. Биосовместимые имплантаты в ортопедии: инженерия костной ткани. Гений ортопедии. 2023;29(6):662-668. https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-6-662-668. EDN: JIAIND
For citation:
Popkov A.V., Popkov D.A. Biocompatible implants in orthopedics: bone tissue engineering. Genij Ortopedii. 2023;29(6):662-668. https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-6-662-668. EDN: JIAIND
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