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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2026-32-3-419-432</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ эффективности квадрицепс-сберегающих доступов при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative analysis of the efficacy of quadriceps‑sparing approaches in total knee arthroplasty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4112-4290</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Мамури</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Mamoori</surname><given-names>A. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахмед Джавад Аль-Мамури — врач-травматолог, аспирант кафедры</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmed J. Al-Mamoori — Traumatologist, Postgraduate Student</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ahmedalmamoori30@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4463-9134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Редько</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Red’ko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Александрович Редько — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры, заведующий отделением</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Red’ko — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department, Head of the Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">redkoi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5887-6545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Домбаанай</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dombaanai</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Байыр Сергеевич Домбаанай — кандидат медицинских наук, аналитик</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Baiyr S. Dombaanai — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Analyst</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dombaanay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы; Клиническая больница № 1 (Волынская) Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Volynskaya) of the Property Management Department of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт организации здравоохранения и медицинского менеджмента</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Healthcare Organization and Medical Management</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>419</fpage><lpage>432</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аль-Мамури А.Д., Редько И.А., Домбаанай Б.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аль-Мамури А.Д., Редько И.А., Домбаанай Б.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Al-Mamoori A.J., Red’ko I.A., Dombaanai B.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3506">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3506</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава (ТЭКС) является ведущим методом хирургического лечения терминальных стадий гонартроза. В условиях широкого внедрения протоколов ускоренного послеоперационного восстановления выбор оптимального хирургического доступа приобретает особую значимость.</p><p>Цель работы — оценка эффективности субвастусного (СВ) и мидвастусного доступов (МВ) в сравнении с медиальным парапателлярным доступом (МП) с точки зрения конечных результатов и скорости функционального восстановления после ТЭКС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Систематический обзор выполнен в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA 2020. Поиск источников, опубликованных за период 2020–2025 гг., проведен в базах PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar и eLibrary. В обзор включены оригинальные клинические исследования (рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, проспективные и ретроспективные когортные) первичного ТЭКС у пациентов с гонартрозом. Из 607 первично идентифицированных публикаций в итоговый анализ вошли 12 исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. СВ и МВ обеспечивают достоверно более раннее восстановление активного подъёма выпрямленной ноги (на 1,3–1,8 сут), снижение интенсивности болевого синдрома по ВАШ в первые трое суток и более широкий диапазон движений в первые три–шесть недель по сравнению с МП (p &lt; 0,05). Частота интраоперационного латерального релиза значимо ниже при СВ и МВ. Применение СВ сопряжено с увеличением продолжительности операции на 10–13 минут. К третьему–шестому месяцам наблюдения межгрупповые различия по шкалам KSS, WOMAC и OKS нивелируются, а при сроке наблюдения 10–15 лет группы полностью эквивалентны.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные данные согласуются с результатами крупных метаанализов, подтверждающих временный характер функциональных преимуществ квадрицепс-сберегающих доступов. Неоднородность данных по кровопотере и длительности госпитализации обусловлена вариабельностью реабилитационных протоколов и критериев выписки.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выбор хирургического доступа определяет темп, но не конечный результат восстановления. СВ предпочтителен в рамках протоколов ускоренного восстановления. Индивидуализированный подход с учётом клинических особенностей пациента и хирургической подготовки остаётся наиболее обоснованной стратегией.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the gold-standard surgical intervention for end-stage knee osteoarthritis. With the widespread adoption of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, the selection of an optimal surgical approach has become increasingly relevant to achieving rapid functional recovery.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the subvastus (SV) and midvastus (MV) approaches compared to the medial parapatellar approach (MP) in terms of the rate and ultimate outcomes of functional recovery following TKA.</p><p>Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed across PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and eLibrary for the period 2020–2025. Eligible studies included original clinical investigations of primary TKA in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Of 607 initially identified publications, 12 studies were included in the final analysis.</p><p>Results SV and MV were associated with significantly earlier achievement of active straight leg raise (by 1.3–1.8 days), reduced pain intensity on the VAS during the first 1–3 postoperative days, and greater ROM during the first 3–6 weeks compared with the MP approach (p &lt; 0.05). The rate of intraoperative lateral release was significantly lower in the SV and MV groups. Use of the SV approach was associated with longer operative time by 10–13 minutes. By 3–6 months of follow-up, intergroup differences in KSS, WOMAC, and OKS scores were no longer significant, and at 10–15 years the groups demonstrated full functional equivalence.</p><p>Discussion These findings are consistent with the conclusions of major meta-analyses confirming the transient nature of the functional advantages associated with quadriceps-sparing approaches. Heterogeneity in outcomes related to blood loss and length of hospital stay is largely attributable to variability in rehabilitation protocols and discharge criteria across institutions.</p><p>Conclusion The choice of surgical approach determines the rate, but not the ultimate outcome, of functional recovery. The SV approach is preferable within ERAS frameworks; however, an individualised strategy accounting for patient-specific anatomy, surgical expertise, and institutional rehabilitation capacity remains the most evidence-based strategy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>субвастусный доступ</kwd><kwd>мидвастусный доступ</kwd><kwd>медиальный парапателлярный доступ</kwd><kwd>систематический обзор</kwd><kwd>ускоренное послеоперационное восстановление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>otal knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>subvastus approach</kwd><kwd>midvastus approach</kwd><kwd>medial parapatellar approach</kwd><kwd>systematic review</kwd><kwd>fast postoperative recovery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кавалерский Г.М., Лычагин А.В., Сметанин С.М. и др. 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