<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2026-32-2-237-243</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3469</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Элюция из различных костных цементов ванкомицина и меропенема при их комбинированном применении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Elution of vancomycin and meropenem and their combinations from various bone cement materials</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-8571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стогов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stogov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Валерьевич Стогов — доктор биологических наук, доцент, руководитель отдела</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Stogov — Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stogo_off@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-1404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шастов</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastov</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Леонидович Шастов — кандидат медицинских наук, врач — травматолог-ортопед, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander L. Shastov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon, Senior Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alshastov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Киреева — кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Kireeva — Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ea_tkachuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-608X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тушина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tushina</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Владимировна Тушина — кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Tushina — Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ntushina76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>243</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стогов М.В., Шастов А.Л., Киреева Е.А., Тушина Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стогов М.В., Шастов А.Л., Киреева Е.А., Тушина Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stogov M.V., Shastov A.L., Kireeva E.A., Tushina N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3469">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3469</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Насыщение материалов для заполнения костных дефектов антибактериальными препаратами используют для лечения пациентов с инфекционными осложнениями костной ткани и профилактики.</p><p>Цель работы — провести оценку скорости элюции ванкомицина и меропенема из костных цементов на основе полиметилметакрилата и полимеров полиуретанового ряда, импрегнированных в материал в составе комплекса.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании in vitro проведен сравнительный анализ кинетики высвобождения ванкомицина и меропенема из двух материалов: на основе полимеров полиуретанового ряда (серия ПУ) и полиметилметакрилата (серия ПММА). Антибиотики вносили в материал до начала их полимеризации в следующих пропорциях: группа 1 — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : 1 г (по 0,5 г ванкомицина + 0,5 г меропенема); группа 2 — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : 0,5 г (по 0,25 г ванкомицина + 0,25 г меропенема). Для контроля использовали образцы, нагруженные одним антибиотиком: группа 1в — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : ванкомицин 0,5 г; группа 1м — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : меропенем 0,5 г; группа 2в — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : ванкомицин 0,25 г; группа 2м — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : меропенем 0,25 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Элюция ванкомицина из материала как на основе ПММА, так и на основе ПУ, загруженных смесью ванкомицин+меропенем, была больше по конечному объему и более длительной по времени, чем из материалов, содержащих один ванкомицин. В свою очередь, высвобождение меропенема из ПММА и ПУ, загруженных смесью ванкомицин+меропенем, было по объему меньше, чем из материалов, содержащих один меропенем.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Применение комплекса ванкомицина и меропенема в составе костных цементов обнаруживает следующую особенность, — меропенем способствует высвобождению ванкомицина из изученных материалов, при этом собственная элюция меропенема снижается.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комбинирование нескольких антибиотиков в материалах для заполнения костных дефектов влияет на кинетику высвобождения антибиотиков в отличие от кинетики высвобождения антибиотиков, загруженных в материал в случае монотерапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Saturation of bone defect filling materials with antibacterial agents is used for the treatment of patients with infectious bone complications and for their prevention.</p><p>The purpose of the work was to evaluate the elution rate of vancomycin and meropenem from bone cements based on polymethyl methacrylate and polyurethane polymers impregnated into the material in their combination.</p><p>Materials and methods In an in vitro study, a comparative analysis of the kinetics of vancomycin and meropenem release from two materials was performed that were based on polyurethane polymers (PU series) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA series). Antibiotics were added to the materials before their polymerization in the following proportions: group 1 — polymer : antibiotic 10 g : 1 g (0.5 g vancomycin + 0.5 g meropenem); group 2 — polymer : antibiotic 10 g : 0.5 g (0.25 g vancomycin + 0.25 g meropenem). Samples loaded with one antibiotic were used as a control: group 1v — polymer : antibiotic 10 g : vancomycin 0.5 g; group 1m — polymer : antibiotic 10 g : meropenem 0.5 g; group 2v — polymer: antibiotic 10 g: vancomycin 0.25 g; group 2m — polymer: antibiotic 10 g: meropenem 0.25 g.</p><p>Results Vancomycin elution from both PMMA- and PU-based materials loaded with a vancomycin+meropenem was greater in final volume and longer in time than from materials containing vancomycin alone. Conversely, meropenem release from PMMA and PU loaded with a vancomycin + meropenem mixture was less in volume than from the materials containing meropenem alone.</p><p>Discussion The use of a vancomycin-meropenem complex in bone cements reveals the following feature: meropenem promotes the release of vancomycin from the studied materials, while the elution of meropenem itself is reduced.</p><p>Conclusion Combining antibiotics for impregnation into materials for bone defect filling has an impact on the kinetics of antibiotics release, unlike the release kinetics of an antibiotic loaded into the material as monotherapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеомиелит</kwd><kwd>костные дефекты</kwd><kwd>костный цемент</kwd><kwd>антибиотики</kwd><kwd>кинетика элюции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteomyelitis</kwd><kwd>bone defect</kwd><kwd>bone cement</kwd><kwd>antibiotics</kwd><kwd>elution kinetics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания на осуществление научных исследований «Разработка временных биорезорбируемых антибактериальных носителей для замещения постостеомиелитических дефектов костей нижних конечностей» (2024–2026 гг.).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment for the implementation of scientific research “Development of temporary bioresorbable antibacterial carriers in the management of post-osteomyelitic bone defects in the lower extremities” (2024–2026).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Г.К., Кирпичев И.В., Мальчевский В.А. и др. Современные направления стратегии профилактики и лечения периимплантатной инфекции и послеоперационного остеомиелита. Медицинская наука и образование Урала. 2024;25(1):137-144. doi: 10.36361/18148999_2024_25_1_137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev GK, Kirpichov IV, Mal`chevskij VA et al. Modern strategies for the prevention and treatment of periimplant infection and postoperative osteomyelitis. Medical science and education of Ural. 2024;25(1):137-144. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36361/18148999_2024_25_1_137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wassif RK, Elkayal M, Shamma RN, Elkheshen SA. Recent advances in the local antibiotics delivery systems for management of osteomyelitis. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):2392-2414. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wassif RK, Elkayal M, Shamma RN, Elkheshen SA. Recent advances in the local antibiotics delivery systems for management of osteomyelitis. Drug Deliv. 2021;28(1):2392-2414. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1998246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu T, Wu KL, Jie K. Comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement versus plain bone cement in primary total knee arthroplasty for preventing periprosthetic joint infection. Chin J Traumatol. 2022;25(6):325-330. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.06.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu T, Wu KL, Jie K. Comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement versus plain bone cement in primary total knee arthroplasty for preventing periprosthetic joint infection. Chin J Traumatol. 2022;25(6):325-330. doi: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.06.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cara A, Ferry T, Laurent F, Josse J. Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(2):137. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11020137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cara A, Ferry T, Laurent F, Josse J. Prophylactic Antibiofilm Activity of Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cements against GramNegative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022;11(2):137. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11020137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dantas LR, Ortis GB, Suss PH, Tuon FF. Advances in Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Bone Infections. Biology (Basel). 2024;13(8):605. doi: 10.3390/biology13080605.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dantas LR, Ortis GB, Suss PH, Tuon FF. Advances in Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Bone Infections. Biology (Basel). 2024;13(8):605. doi: 10.3390/biology13080605.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang C, Zhu G, Liu Q. Current application and future perspectives of antimicrobial degradable bone substitutes for chronic osteomyelitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024;12:1375266. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1375266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang C, Zhu G, Liu Q. Current application and future perspectives of antimicrobial degradable bone substitutes for chronic osteomyelitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024;12:1375266. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1375266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Moreno J, Merino V, Nácher A, et al. Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement as Prophylaxis in Total Joint Replacement. Orthop Surg. 2017;9(4):331-341. doi: 10.1111/os.12351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Moreno J, Merino V, Nácher A, et al. Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement as Prophylaxis in Total Joint Replacement. Orthop Surg. 2017;9(4):331-341. doi: 10.1111/os.12351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стогов М.В., Шастов А.Л., Киреева Е.А., Тушина Н.В. Высвобождение антибиотиков из материалов для замещения постостеомиелитических дефектов кости. Гений ортопедии. 2024;30(6):873-880. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-6-873-880.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stogov MV, Shastov AL, Kireeva EA, Tushina NV. Release of antibiotics from the materials for post-osteomyelitic bone defect filling. Genij Ortopedii. 2024;30(6):873-880. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-6-873-880.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levack AE, Turajane K, Yang X, et al. Thermal Stability and in Vitro Elution Kinetics of Alternative Antibiotics in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(18):1694-1704. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levack AE, Turajane K, Yang X, et al. Thermal Stability and in Vitro Elution Kinetics of Alternative Antibiotics in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Bone Cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2021;103(18):1694-1704. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang LH, Feng YD, Zhang XW, et al. Elution and Biomechanical Properties of Meropenem-Loaded Bone Cement. Orthop Surg. 2021;13(8):2417-2422. doi: 10.1111/os.13139.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang LH, Feng YD, Zhang XW, et al. Elution and Biomechanical Properties of Meropenem-Loaded Bone Cement. Orthop Surg. 2021;13(8):2417-2422. doi: 10.1111/os.13139.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ермаков А.М., Богданова Н.А., Матвеева Е.Л., Гасанова А.Г. Анализ микробного пейзажа у пациентов с перипротезной инфекцией тазобедренного сустава. Гений ортопедии. 2025;31(3):307-313. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-3-307-313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ermakov AM, Bogdanova NA, Matveeva EL, Gasanova AG. Analysis of the microbial landscape in patients with periprosthetic infection of the hip joint. Genij Ortopedii. 2025;31(3):307-313. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-3307-313.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цискарашвили А.В., Меликова Р.Э., Назаренко А.Г. Результаты микробиологического мониторинга ведущих возбудителей при инфицированных переломах длинных костей в условиях чрескостного остеосинтеза. Вестник травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова. 2025;32(2):457-475. doi: 10.17816/vto655983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsiskarashvili AV, Melikova RE, Nazarenko AG. Microbiological monitoring of major pathogens in infected long bone fractures treated with external osteosynthesis. N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics. 2025;32(2):457475. (In Russ.) doi: 10.17816/vto655983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шипицына И.В., Осипова Е.В. Роль анаэробной микрофлоры в этиологии хронического остеомиелита. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2024;69(2):92-96. doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2024-69-2-92-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shipitsyna IV, Osipova EV. Role of anaerobic microflora in the etiology of chronic osteomyelitis. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 2024;69(2):92-96 (in Russ.) doi: 10.51620/0869-2084-2024-69-2-92-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Судницын А.С., Шастов А.Л., Клюшин Н.М., Рашидов Г.Х. Первый опыт применения частично биорезорбируемого костнозамещающего материала у больного хроническим остеомиелитом большеберцовой кости 34-летней давности заболевания. Гений ортопедии. 2025;31(1):60-65. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-1-60-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">14. Sudnitsyn AS, Shastov AL, Klushin NM, Rashidov GKh. First experience with the use of a partially bioresorbable bone substitution material in a patient with 34-year old chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia. Genij Ortopedii. 2025;31(1):60-65. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-1-60-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith M, Roberts M, Al-Kassas R. Implantable drug delivery systems for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2022;48(10):511-527. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2135729.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith M, Roberts M, Al-Kassas R. Implantable drug delivery systems for the treatment of osteomyelitis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2022;48(10):511-527. doi: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2135729.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zegre M, Poljańska E, Caetano LA, et al. Research progress on biodegradable polymeric platforms for targeting antibiotics to the bone. Int J Pharm. 2023;648:123584. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zegre M, Poljańska E, Caetano LA, et al. Research progress on biodegradable polymeric platforms for targeting antibiotics to the bone. Int J Pharm. 2023;648:123584. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin H, Gao Z, Shan T, et al. A review on the promising antibacterial agents in bone cement-From past to current insights. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):673. doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-05143-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin H, Gao Z, Shan T, et al. A review on the promising antibacterial agents in bone cement-From past to current insights. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19(1):673. doi: 10.1186/s13018-024-05143-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andollina A, Bertoni G, Zolezzi C, et al. Vancomycin and meropenem in acrylic cement: elution kinetics of in vitro bactericidal action. Chir Organi Mov. 2008;91(3):153-158. doi: 10.1007/s12306-007-0025-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andollina A, Bertoni G, Zolezzi C, et al. Vancomycin and meropenem in acrylic cement: elution kinetics of in vitro bactericidal action. Chir Organi Mov. 2008;91(3):153-158. doi: 10.1007/s12306-007-0025-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Funk GA, Burkes JC, Cole KA, et al. Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Strength of PMMA Bone Cement Loaded With Borate Bioactive Glass. J Bone Jt Infect. 2018;3(4):187-196. doi: 10.7150/jbji.27348.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Funk GA, Burkes JC, Cole KA, et al. Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Strength of PMMA Bone Cement Loaded With Borate Bioactive Glass. J Bone Jt Infect. 2018;3(4):187-196. doi: 10.7150/jbji.27348.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Slane J, Gietman B, Squire M. Antibiotic elution from acrylic bone cement loaded with high doses of tobramycin and vancomycin. J Orthop Res. 2018;36(4):1078-1085. doi: 10.1002/jor.23722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Slane J, Gietman B, Squire M. Antibiotic elution from acrylic bone cement loaded with high doses of tobramycin and vancomycin. J Orthop Res. 2018;36(4):1078-1085. doi: 10.1002/jor.23722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh PH, Tai CL, Lee PC, Chang YH. Liquid gentamicin and vancomycin in bone cement: a potentially more cost-effective regimen. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24(1):125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2008.01.131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh PH, Tai CL, Lee PC, Chang YH. Liquid gentamicin and vancomycin in bone cement: a potentially more costeffective regimen. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24(1):125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2008.01.131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penner MJ, Masri BA, Duncan CP. Elution characteristics of vancomycin and tobramycin combined in acrylic bone-cement. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11(8):939-944. doi: 10.1016/s0883-5403(96)80135-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penner MJ, Masri BA, Duncan CP. Elution characteristics of vancomycin and tobramycin combined in acrylic bonecement. J Arthroplasty. 1996;11(8):939-944. doi: 10.1016/s0883-5403(96)80135-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paz E, Sanz-Ruiz P, Abenojar J, et al. Evaluation of Elution and Mechanical Properties of High-Dose Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement: Comparative "In Vitro" Study of the Influence of Vancomycin and Cefazolin. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(8):1423-1429. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.02.040.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paz E, Sanz-Ruiz P, Abenojar J, et al. Evaluation of Elution and Mechanical Properties of High-Dose AntibioticLoaded Bone Cement: Comparative "In Vitro" Study of the Influence of Vancomycin and Cefazolin. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(8):1423-1429. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.02.040.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraval A, Zhou Y, Parvizi J. Antibiotic-loaded cement in total joint arthroplasty: a comprehensive review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(12):5165-5175. doi: 10.1007/s00402-024-05328-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraval A, Zhou Y, Parvizi J. Antibiotic-loaded cement in total joint arthroplasty: a comprehensive review. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024;144(12):5165-5175. doi: 10.1007/s00402-024-05328-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Hertzberg-Boelch SP, Luedemann M, Rudert M, Steinert AF. PMMA Bone Cement: Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Properties in the Context of Clinical Use. Biomedicines. 2022;10(8):1830. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081830.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Hertzberg-Boelch SP, Luedemann M, Rudert M, Steinert AF. PMMA Bone Cement: Antibiotic Elution and Mechanical Properties in the Context of Clinical Use. Biomedicines. 2022;10(8):1830. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10081830.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coraça-Huber D, Humez M, Kühn KD. A Comparative Study of Extended Gentamicin and Tobramycin Release and Antibacterial Efficacy from Palacos and Simplex Acrylic Cements. Microorganisms. 2025;13(9):2174. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13092174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coraça-Huber D, Humez M, Kühn KD. A Comparative Study of Extended Gentamicin and Tobramycin Release and Antibacterial Efficacy from Palacos and Simplex Acrylic Cements. Microorganisms. 2025;13(9):2174. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13092174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Si L, Zhang W, Jiang H, et al. Dual antibiotic PLGA microspheres for the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):30694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14824-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Si L, Zhang W, Jiang H, et al. Dual antibiotic PLGA microspheres for the treatment of traumatic osteomyelitis. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):30694. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14824-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dietz MJ, McGowan BM, Thomas DD, et al. Does Cement Viscosity Impact Antibiotic Elution and In Vitro Efficacy Against Common Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2025;483(3):488-497. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000003272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dietz MJ, McGowan BM, Thomas DD, et al. Does Cement Viscosity Impact Antibiotic Elution and In Vitro Efficacy Against Common Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2025;483(3):488-497. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000003272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Божкова С.А., Гаджимагомедов М.Ш., Гордина Е.М. и др. Экспериментальное обоснование комбинаций антимикробных препаратов для импрегнации костного цемента. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2025;31(1):76-84. doi: 10.17816/2311-290517665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bozhkova SA, Gadzhimagomedov MSh, Gordina EM et al. Experimental Validation of Antimicrobial Drug Combinations for Bone Cement Impregnation. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2025;31(1):76-84. doi: 10.17816/2311-290517665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazmi SAD, Soomro T, Soomro R, et al. Impact of Biofilms on Surface Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resins. J Basic Microbiol. 2024;64(12):e2400460. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202400460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazmi SAD, Soomro T, Soomro R, et al. Impact of Biofilms on Surface Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resins. J Basic Microbiol. 2024;64(12):e2400460. doi: 10.1002/jobm.202400460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kreve S, Cândido Dos Reis A. Antibiofilm capacity of PMMA surfaces: A review of current knowledge. Microb Pathog. 2025;202:107426. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kreve S, Cândido Dos Reis A. Antibiofilm capacity of PMMA surfaces: A review of current knowledge. Microb Pathog. 2025;202:107426. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tseng TH, Chang CH, Chen CL, et al. A simple method to improve the antibiotic elution profiles from polymethylmethacrylate bone cement spacers by using rapid absorbable sutures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):916. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05870-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseng TH, Chang CH, Chen CL, et al. A simple method to improve the antibiotic elution profiles from polymethylmethacrylate bone cement spacers by using rapid absorbable sutures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):916. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05870-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
