<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2026-32-1-57-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3427</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние нарушений костного метаболизма на частоту несращений при ревизионных операциях на стопе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic bone abnormalities underlying nonunion in revision foot surgeries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-5524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурсалов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mursalov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурсалов Анатолий Камалович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoly K. Mursalov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, associate professor at the Department.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tamerlanmursalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзюба</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzyuba</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дзюба Алексей Михайлович — врач — травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey M. Dzyuba — orthopaedic surgeon.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minzdrav2008@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3036-872X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипилов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шипилов Александр Сергеевич — ординатор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Shipilov — resident.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shipiloffsasha12@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рогова Мария Сергеевна — врач — травматолог-ортопед.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya S. Rogova — orthopaedic surgeon.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.rogova24@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8211-0184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федотов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedotov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федотов Евгений Андреевич — ординатор.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugene A. Fedotov — resident.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orthodoc.fedotov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мурсалов А.К., Дзюба А.М., Шипилов А.С., Рогова М.С., Федотов Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мурсалов А.К., Дзюба А.М., Шипилов А.С., Рогова М.С., Федотов Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mursalov A.K., Dzyuba A.M., Shipilov A.S., Rogova M.S., Fedotov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3427">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3427</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В последние годы растет количество ревизионных операций на стопе, что напрямую связано с увеличением количества хирургических вмешательств. Основная проблема, с которой приходится сталкиваться, — это отсутствие консолидации после выполнения артродезирования и остеотомий. С экономической точки зрения ревизионные операции увеличивают срок нетрудоспособности пациентов и несут дополнительную материальную нагрузку на медицинские учреждения. Одним из ключевых параметров, приводящих к риску несращения и необходимости ревизионной операции в последующем, является нарушение костного метаболизма.</p><p>Цель работы — определить влияние нарушений костного метаболизма на частоту несращений при ревизионных операциях на стопе и голеностопном суставе.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено проспективное исследование с ретроспективным контролем, где сравнивали две группы пациентов в возрасте от 45 до 70 лет, которым требовалась ревизионная операция на стопе. Контрольная ретроспективная группа (n = 36) представлена пациентами, которым выполняли ревизионную операцию на стопе без предшествующей оценки состоянии костного метаболизма. Проспективная группа (n = 42) представлена пациентами, которым в предоперационном периоде выполняли оценку состояния костного метаболизма с её последующей коррекцией при необходимости. Всем пациентам выполняли ревизионные операции на заднем и среднем отделах стопы в связи с отсутствием консолидации после проведения артродезирования соответствующих суставов. В предоперационном обследовании проводили рентгенографию стопы под нагрузкой в прямой и боковой проекциях, и проекции Зальцмана, а также компьютерную томографию с контралатеральной стороной.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявлено, что средний срок от момента первичной консультации до хирургического лечения был выше у пациентов проспективной группы, чем контрольной: (16,0 ± 4,0) нед. и (8,0 ± 1,7) нед. соответственно. Средний срок консолидации/формирования анкилоза различался несущественно: контрольная группа — (10,0 ± 2,2) нед., проспективная группа — (8,0 ± 1,5) нед. Статистически значимая разница выявлена в частоте несращений между двумя группами: в контрольной группе — 14 % (n = 5), в проспективной — 2,4 % (n = 1).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о клинической эффективности комплексного подхода к ревизионным операциям на стопе, включающего оптимизацию биологических факторов костного сращения. Внедрение протокола предоперационной оценки и коррекции костного метаболизма может значительно улучшить исходы ревизионных вмешательств, снизив риск повторных несращений и необходимость в дальнейших ревизиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Срок от первичной консультации до ревизионной операции был выше в проспективной группе пациентов, срок консолидации костей не имел статистически значимой разницы. Частота несращений — выше в контрольной группе, где не проводили диагностику и коррекцию состояния костного метаболизма, что подчеркивает их важность для снижения количества последующих ревизионных операций на стопе и голеностопном суставе.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Revision foot surgery has increased in recent decades with the increasing surgical procedures. Nonunion is common after arthrodesis and osteotomies. From an economic perspective, revision surgery can be associated with greater length of disability imposing an additional financial burden on healthcare facilities. Impaired bone metabolism is one of the key factors leading to the risk of nonunion and a revision surgery.</p><p>The aim of the study was to determine the impact of metabolism bone abnormalities on the incidence of nonunion in revision foot and ankle surgery.</p><p>Material and methods A prospective study with retrospective control was conducted to compare two groups of patients aged 45 to 70 years who required revision foot surgery. The retrospective control group (n = 36) consisted of patients who had no bone metabolism assessment prior to revision foot surgery. The prospective group (n = 42) consisted of patients who underwent bone metabolism assessment preoperatively and subsequent correction if needed. Revision surgery was produced in the hindfoot and midfoot due to failed arthrodesis of the corresponding joints. AP and lateral weight-bearing radiographs of the foot, the Salzmann view and a CT scan of the feet were produced preoperatively.</p><p>Results The mean period from the initial consultation to surgical treatment was longer in the prospective group than in controls: (16.0 ± 4.0) weeks and (8.0 ± 1.7) weeks, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean period of consolidation/ankylosis measuring (10.0 ± 2.2) weeks in controls and (8.0 ± 1.5) weeks in the prospective group. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of non-unions between the two groups showing 14 % (n = 5) in controls and 2.4 % (n = 1) in the prospective group.</p><p>Discussion The findings demonstrated clinical effectiveness of a comprehensive approach to revision foot surgery including optimization of biological factors for bone union. Protocol for preoperative assessment and correction of bone metabolism can significantly improve outcomes of revision procedures reducing the risk of recurrent nonunions and the need for revisions.</p><p>Conclusion The time from initial consultation to revision surgery was longer in the prospective group of patients with no statistically significant differences in the time to bone consolidation. The nonunion rate was higher in the control group with no diagnosis and correction of bone metabolism diagnostics performed, highlighting the importance in reducing the rate of revision foot and ankle surgeries.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>несращения</kwd><kwd>ревизионная операция</kwd><kwd>костный метаболизм</kwd><kwd>хирургия стопы</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nonunion</kwd><kwd>revision surgery</kwd><kwd>bone metabolism</kwd><kwd>foot surgery</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thevendran G, Wang C, Pinney SJ, et al. Nonunion Risk Assessment in Foot and Ankle Surgery: Proposing a Predictive Risk Assessment Model. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(8):901-907. doi: 10.1177/1071100715577789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thevendran G, Wang C, Pinney SJ, et al. Nonunion Risk Assessment in Foot and Ankle Surgery: Proposing a Predictive Risk Assessment Model. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(8):901-907. doi: 10.1177/1071100715577789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greene H, Dodd A, Le I, LaMothe J. Nonunion in foot and ankle arthrodesis surgery: review of risk factors, identification of high-risk patients, and a guide to perioperative testing and optimization. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2024. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greene H, Dodd A, Le I, LaMothe J. Nonunion in foot and ankle arthrodesis surgery: review of risk factors, identification of high-risk patients, and a guide to perioperative testing and optimization. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2024. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-24-00500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perkins JM, Vacketta VG, Prissel MA. Triple Arthrodesis: How to Manage Failures, Malunion, and Nonunion. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2023;40(4):649-668. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2023.05.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perkins JM, Vacketta VG, Prissel MA. Triple Arthrodesis: How to Manage Failures, Malunion, and Nonunion. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2023;40(4):649-668. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2023.05.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brinker MR, O'Connor DP, Monla YT, Earthman TP. Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in patients with nonunions. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(8):557-70. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e31814d4dc6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brinker MR, O'Connor DP, Monla YT, Earthman TP. Metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in patients with nonunions. J Orthop Trauma. 2007;21(8):557-70. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e31814d4dc6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore KR, Howell MA, Saltrick KR, Catanzariti AR. Risk Factors Associated With Nonunion After Elective Foot and Ankle Reconstruction: A Case-Control Study. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;56(3):457-462. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.01.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore KR, Howell MA, Saltrick KR, Catanzariti AR. Risk Factors Associated With Nonunion After Elective Foot and Ankle Reconstruction: A Case-Control Study. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2017;56(3):457-462. doi: 10.1053/j.jfas.2017.01.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, et al, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):669. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02821-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, et al, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):669. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02821-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kakagia DD, Karadimas EJ, Stouras IA, Papanas N. The Ageing Foot. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2023:15347346231203279. doi: 10.1177/15347346231203279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakagia DD, Karadimas EJ, Stouras IA, Papanas N. The Ageing Foot. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2023:15347346231203279. doi: 10.1177/15347346231203279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, et al. Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX--assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(10):1395-1408. doi: 10.1007/s00198-008-0712-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, et al. Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX--assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(10):1395-1408. doi: 10.1007/s00198-008-0712-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10):2359-2381. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, et al. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2014;25(10):2359-2381. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frost HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2003;275(2):1081-1101. doi: 10.1002/ar.a.10119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frost HM. Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2003;275(2):1081-1101. doi: 10.1002/ar.a.10119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romano F, Serpico D, Cantelli M, et al. Osteoporosis and dermatoporosis: a review on the role of vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1231580. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romano F, Serpico D, Cantelli M, et al. Osteoporosis and dermatoporosis: a review on the role of vitamin D. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1231580. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rentzeperi E, Pegiou S, Tsakiridis I, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2023;78(11):657-681. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rentzeperi E, Pegiou S, Tsakiridis I, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Guidelines. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2023;78(11):657-681. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nuti R, Brandi ML, Checchia G, et al. Guidelines for the management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(1):85-102. doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1874-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nuti R, Brandi ML, Checchia G, et al. Guidelines for the management of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Intern Emerg Med. 2019;14(1):85-102. doi: 10.1007/s11739-018-1874-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chrea B, Day J, Henry J, et al. Influence of complications and revision surgery on fulfillment of expectations in foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2021;42(7):859-866. doi: 10.1177/1071100720985231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chrea B, Day J, Henry J, et al. Influence of complications and revision surgery on fulfillment of expectations in foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2021;42(7):859-866. doi: 10.1177/1071100720985231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greer N, Yoon P, Majeski B, Wilt TJ. Orthobiologics in foot and ankle arthrodesis sites: a systematic review [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greer N, Yoon P, Majeski B, Wilt TJ. Orthobiologics in foot and ankle arthrodesis sites: a systematic review [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chraim M, Recheis S, Alrabai H, et al. Midterm outcome of subtalar joint revision arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 2021;42(7):824-832. doi: 10.1177/1071100721995187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chraim M, Recheis S, Alrabai H, et al. Midterm outcome of subtalar joint revision arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 2021;42(7):824-832. doi: 10.1177/1071100721995187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao NM, Ligas C. The Ankle Joint: Revision Ankle Fusion Options, Nonunion, Malunion, Protocol for Best Outcome. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2023;40(4):703-710. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2023.05.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao NM, Ligas C. The Ankle Joint: Revision Ankle Fusion Options, Nonunion, Malunion, Protocol for Best Outcome. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2023;40(4):703-710. doi: 10.1016/j.cpm.2023.05.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardoso DV, Veljkovic A. General Considerations About Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis. Any Way to Improve Our Results? Foot Ankle Clin. 2022;27(4):701-722. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.08.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardoso DV, Veljkovic A. General Considerations About Foot and Ankle Arthrodesis. Any Way to Improve Our Results? Foot Ankle Clin. 2022;27(4):701-722. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.08.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anciano V, Tran SK, Carr JB, et al. Incidence of vitamin D deficiency in foot and ankle arthrodesis nonunions. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e57028. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57028.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anciano V, Tran SK, Carr JB, et al. Incidence of vitamin D deficiency in foot and ankle arthrodesis nonunions. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e57028. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57028.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, et al. The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:7454376. doi: 10.1155/2017/7454376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Ballegooijen AJ, Pilz S, Tomaschitz A, et al. The Synergistic Interplay between Vitamins D and K for Bone and Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Int J Endocrinol. 2017;2017:7454376. doi: 10.1155/2017/7454376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barvencik F. Medication and bone metabolism: Clinical importance for fracture treatment. Unfallchirurg. 2015;118(12):1017-1024. (In German). doi: 10.1007/s00113-015-0109-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barvencik F. Medication and bone metabolism: Clinical importance for fracture treatment. Unfallchirurg. 2015;118(12):1017-1024. (In German). doi: 10.1007/s00113-015-0109-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
