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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-5-551-557</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3327</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анатомическая вариативность медиального пяточного нерва: кадаверное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anatomical variations of the medial calcaneal nerve: a cadaveric study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5957-1548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агафонов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agafonov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Германович Агафонов — врач — травматолог-ортопед, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil G. Agafonov — orthopaedic surgeon, junior researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ortho_spot@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-7772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айрапетов</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayrapetov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Александрович Айрапетов — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры, заместитель главного врача</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgy A. Airapetov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department, Deputy Chief Physician</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">airapetovga@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-1087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сердобинцев</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serdobintsev</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Сергеевич Сердобинцев — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail S. Serdobintsev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osteolog@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5656-1005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпович</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpovich</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Иванович Карпович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay I. Karpovich — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">karpovich_ni@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6963-2027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханмурадов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanmuradov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Агамуратович Ханмурадов — врач — травматолог-ортопед, заведующий отделением</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan A. Khanmuradov — orthopaedic surgeon, Head of Department</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ottogross@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Георгиевич Наумов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, врач — травматолог-ортопед; заместитель директора, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis G. Naumov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department, Deputy Director, Leading Researcher</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dg.naumov@spbniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джериев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Djeriev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Анатольевич Джериев — врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Djeriev — orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">djeriev135@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы; Городская клиническая больница №31 им. академика Г.М. Савельевой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia; Academician Savelyeva City Clinical Hospital No. 31</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>551</fpage><lpage>557</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агафонов Д.Г., Айрапетов Г.А., Сердобинцев М.С., Карпович Н.И., Ханмурадов Р.А., Наумов Д.Г., Джериев М.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агафонов Д.Г., Айрапетов Г.А., Сердобинцев М.С., Карпович Н.И., Ханмурадов Р.А., Наумов Д.Г., Джериев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agafonov D.G., Ayrapetov G.A., Serdobintsev M.S., Karpovich N.I., Khanmuradov R.A., Naumov D.G., Djeriev M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3327">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3327</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Одной из недооцененных причин болей в пяточной области является невропатия медиального пяточного нерва, которая может как имитировать, так и сопровождать подошвенный фасциит. Некоторые исследователи отмечают, что невропатия медиальной пяточной ветви большеберцового нерва является причиной болевого синдрома, локализующегося в пяточной области. Знание основных ориентиров и анатомической вариативности прохождения медиального пяточного нерва стопы может облегчить проведение анестезии, выполнение хирургических вмешательств, в том числе, гидродиссекции.</p><p>Цель работы — определить анатомическую вариативность медиального пяточного нерва, включая уровень его отхождения, поперечный диаметр и топографическое расположение относительно основных анатомических ориентиров медиальной пяточной области, для применения полученных данных в хирургии стопы, регионарной анестезии и дифференциальной диагностике болевого синдрома, локализующегося в пяточной зоне.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Препарирование медиальной пяточной области проведено у 16 трупов (32 стопы). Измеряли толщину большеберцового и медиального пяточного нервов каждого образца, определяли расстояние от верхушки медиальной лодыжки до точки отхождения медиального пяточного нерва от большеберцового нерва, а также до точки деления большеберцового нерва на медиальный и латеральный подошвенные нервы.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено, что медиальный пяточный нерв ответвлялся от большеберцового нерва на (2,7 ± 0,7) см дистальнее верхушки медиальной лодыжки. Величина его поперечного сечения варьировала, составляя (1,9 ± 1,2) см. В некоторых случаях (15,6 %) медиальный пяточный нерв отдавал дополнительную ветвь. В подавляющем числе случаев (72 %) медиальный пяточный нерв заканчивался в подкожно-жировом слое медиальной поверхности пяточной области.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные данные подтвердили значительную анатомическую вариативность медиального пяточного нерва. В 15,6 % случаев выявлено его отхождение от латеральной подошвенной ветви, что сопоставимо с результатами других исследователей. Морфологические особенности ветвления большеберцового нерва и его дистальных отделов наиболее значимы в области хирургии стопы, так как при вмешательствах в проекции тарзального канала (в том числе при проведении радиочастотной денервации или эндоскопического релиза) возможно непреднамеренное повреждение нервных структур.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведённое кадаверное исследование подтвердило наличие анатомической многообразности медиального пяточного нерва. Полученные данные расширяют представление о вариативной анатомии пяточной области и могут быть использованы при интерпретации клинических случаев болевого синдрома, обусловленного компрессией или травматизацией медиального пяточного нерва, а также при выполнении регионарной анестезии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction One of the underestimated causes of pain in the heel area is neuropathy of the medial calcaneal nerve, which can both imitate and accompany plantar fasciitis. Some researchers note that neuropathy of the medial calcaneal branch of the tibial nerve is the cause of pain syndrome localized in the heel area. Knowledge of the main landmarks and anatomical variability of the medial calcaneal nerve passage in the foot can facilitate anesthesia, surgical interventions, including hydrodissection.</p><p>Purpose To determine the anatomical variability of the medial calcaneal nerve, including the level of  its  origin,  transverse diameter and topographic location relative to the main anatomical landmarks of  the  medial calcaneal area in order to use the obtained data in foot surgery, regional anesthesia and differential diagnosis of pain syndrome localized in the calcaneal area.</p><p>Materials and methods Dissection of the medial heel region was performed in 16 cadavers (32 feet). For each specimen, we measured the thickness of the tibial and medial calcaneal nerves, as well as the distance (centimeters) from the tip of the medial malleolus to the point where the medial calcaneal nerve branched off from the tibial nerve, and to the bifurcation point of the tibial nerve into the medial and lateral plantar nerves.</p><p>Results The study found that the medial calcaneal nerve branched from the tibial nerve at a distance of 2.7 ± 0.7 cm distal to the tip of the medial malleolus. The cross-sectional diameter of the nerve varied and averaged 1.9 ± 1.2 cm. In 15.6 % of cases, the medial calcaneal nerve had an additional branch. In the vast majority of cases (72 %), it terminated within the subcutaneous fat of the medial aspect of the calcaneous.</p><p>Discussion The findings confirmed considerable anatomical variability of the medial calcaneal nerve. In 15.6 % of cases, it originated from the lateral plantar branch, which is consistent with the findings of other researchers. The morphological features of branching in the tibial nerve and its distal segments are of particular importance in foot surgery. Unintentional nerve injury is possible during interventions in the region of the tarsal tunnel (including radiofrequency denervation or endoscopic release).</p><p>Conclusion This cadaveric study confirmed marked anatomical variability of the medial calcaneal nerve. These findings expand our understanding of the variable anatomy of the heel area and may aid in interpreting clinical cases of pain caused by compression or trauma to the medial calcaneal nerve, as well as in performing regional anesthesia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медиальный пяточный нерв</kwd><kwd>подошвенный фасциит</kwd><kwd>анатомия медиальной пяточной области</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medial calcaneal nerve</kwd><kwd>plantar fasciitis</kwd><kwd>anatomy of the medial calcaneous</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allam AE, Chang KV. Plantar heel pain. 2024. In: StatPearls [Internet]. 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