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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-4-444-451</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гистологические проявления остеоартроза запястья в зависимости от давности и тяжести заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Histological manifestations of wrist osteoarthritis and their dependence on the duration and severity of the disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-8563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щудло</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchudlo</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Анатольевна Щудло — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nathalia A. Shchudlo — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nshchudlo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-0372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ступина</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stupina</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Анатольевна Ступина — доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Stupina — Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">StupinaSTA@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1072-468X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куттыгул</surname><given-names>Ш. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuttygul</surname><given-names>Sh. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шынгыс Кайырбекулы Куттыгул — аспирант</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shyngys K. Kuttygul — post-graduate fellow</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artana.kaz@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>444</fpage><lpage>451</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Щудло Н.А., Ступина Т.А., Куттыгул Ш.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Щудло Н.А., Ступина Т.А., Куттыгул Ш.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shchudlo N.A., Stupina T.A., Kuttygul S.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3293">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3293</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Возможности медицинской визуализации изменений суставного хряща и субхондральной кости при остеоартрозе запястья ограничены, гистологическим исследованиям посвящены единичные публикации.</p><p>Цель работы — определение взаимосвязей гистологических оценок остеоартроза запястья с давностью и стадией SLAC / SNAC синдрома.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследован операционный материал 12 пациентов, которым выполнены резекция проксимального ряда костей запястья либо удаление ладьевидной кости с межзапястным артродезом. У девяти пациентов давность заболевания — менее четырёх лет, у трёх — от 10 до 22 лет. Стадия I SLAC / SNAC синдрома выявлена у двух пациентов, стадия II — у шести, стадия III — у четырёх. Изменения хряща оценены по международной шкале OARSI, распространённость некроза субхондральной кости определена полуколичественно (от 0 до 3 баллов) в 3–10 полях зрения микроскопа от каждого пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При давности заболевания менее четырех лет (n = 9) оценка OARSI варьировала от 1–2 до 5, при давности от 10 до 22 лет — от 3–4 до 4–5. Оценка остеонекроза в сравниваемых подгруппах составила 3 (2÷3)(0–3) и 3 (2÷3)(2–3), p = 0,11. При SLAC / SNAC стадии I вариативность оценок OARSI — от 1–2 до 4, при стадии II — от 2 до 4–5, при стадии III — от 3–4 до 5. Оценка остеонекроза в сравниваемых подгруппах была 2 (1÷2)(1–3), 3 (2÷3)(1–3) и 3 (2÷3)(0-3) (P1-2 = 0,03; P2-3 = 0,62; P1-3 = 0,02).</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. SLAC / SNAC синдром может иметь два типа течения, — прогрессирующий и стагнирующий. При втором типе заболевание долго протекает бессимптомно. Независимо от причины SLAC / SNAC синдрома у всех пациентов остеоартроз запястья сопровождается необратимым остеонекрозом субхондральной кости и костного мозга, что, вероятно, отражает степень острых либо хронических повреждений питающих кость сосудов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При общей тенденции бóльших дегенеративных изменений суставного хряща при бльшей стадии SLAC / SNAC синдрома их гистологическая оценка межиндивидуально варьирует на каждой стадии. Остеонекроз субхондральной кости более распространён при SLAC / SNAC стадий II–III, чем стадии I.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction The possibilities of medical visualization of changes in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in wrist osteoarthritis are limited. There are few studies devoted to its histological manifestations.</p><p>The purpose f the work was to determine the relationships between histological features of wrist osteoarthritis and the duration and stage of SLAC / SNAC syndrome.</p><p>Material and methods The surgical material of 12 patients who underwent resection of the proximal row of wrist bones or removal of the scaphoid bone and intercarpal arthrodesis was studied. In nine patients, the duration of the disease was shorter than four years and in three it was from 10 to 22 years. Stage I SLAC / SNAC syndrome was detected in two patients, stage II — in six, stage III — in four. Cartilage changes were assessed using the international OARSI scale, the prevalence of subchondral bone necrosis was determined semi-quantitatively (from 0 to 3 points) in 3–10 fields of microscopic views of the from each patient.</p><p>Results The OARSI score varied from 1–2 to 5 points if the duration of the disease was shorter than four years and from 3–4 to 4–5 points if it continued from 10 to 22 years. The osteonecrosis score in the compared subgroups was 3 (2÷3)(0–3) and 3 (2÷3)(2–3), p = 0.11. In SLAC / SNAC stage I, the OARSI score variability ranges from 1–2 to 4, in stage II — from 2 to 4–5, in stage III — from 3–4 to 5. The osteonecrosis score in the compared subgroups was 2 (1÷2)(1–3), 3 (2÷3)(1–3), and 3 (2÷3)(0–3) (P1-2 = 0.03; P2-3 = 0.62; P1-3 = 0.02).</p><p>Discussion The SLAC / SNAC syndrome can be of two types, progressive and stagnant. In the second type, the disease is asymptomatic for a long time. Regardless of the cause of SLAC / SNAC syndrome, all patients with wrist osteoarthritis experience irreversible osteonecrosis of the subchondral bone and bone marrow, which probably reflects the degree of acute or chronic damage to the vessels that feed the bone.</p><p>Conclusion With a general tendency for greater degenerative changes in the articular cartilage at a higher stage of SLAC / SNAC syndrome, their histological manifestations vary between individuals at each stage. Osteonecrosis of the subchondral bone is more common in SLAC / SNAC stages II–III than in stage I. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SLAC / SNAC синдром</kwd><kwd>остеоартроз запястья</kwd><kwd>хрящ</kwd><kwd>субхондральная кость</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SLAC / SNAC syndrome</kwd><kwd>wrist osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>articular cartilage</kwd><kwd>subchondral bone</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eschweiler J, Li J, Quack V. et al. Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint. Life (Basel). 2022;12(2):188. doi: 10.3390/life12020188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eschweiler J, Li J, Quack V. et al. Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint. 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