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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-1-129-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3172</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Микробиологический фактор при остеоартритах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microbiological factors in osteoarthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-3200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перецманас</surname><given-names>Е. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peretsmanas</surname><given-names>E. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Оркович Перецманас — доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny O. Peretsmanas — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of Department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peretsmanas58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-798X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зар</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zar</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Владимирович Зар — кандидат медицинских наук, врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Zar — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vzar@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7355-8556</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукин</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukin</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярослав Алексеевич Рукин — доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav A. Rukin — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yar.rukin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-0616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казюлина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazyulina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анастасия Александровна Казюлина — научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia A. Kazyulina — Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nastellka@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3994-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пахлавонова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pakhlavonova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азиза Дамировна Пахлавонова — кандидат медицинских наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aziza D. Pakhlavonova — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Researcher</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azizapakhlavonova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>129</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Перецманас Е.О., Зар В.В., Рукин Я.А., Казюлина А.А., Пахлавонова А.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Перецманас Е.О., Зар В.В., Рукин Я.А., Казюлина А.А., Пахлавонова А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Peretsmanas E.O., Zar V.V., Rukin Y.A., Kazyulina A.A., Pakhlavonova A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3172">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3172</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Остеоартрит (ОА) — распространенное полиэтиологическое заболевание опорно-двигательного аппарата, приводящее к инвалидности, утрате трудоспособности, ухудшению психического здоровья, повышению смертности и представляющее собой серьезную проблему для систем здравоохранения во всем мире, как сегодня, так и в будущем. В последнее время в качестве одного из значимых этиологических аспектов ОА, ранее считавшегося асептическим заболеванием, рассматривается микробиологический фактор.</p><p>Цель работы — обобщение литературных данных о результатах исследований, посвященных роли микроорганизмов в этиологии и патогенезе остеоартрита, в том числе при сопутствующей ВИЧ‑инфекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск проведен в электронных базах PubMed и научной библиотеке eLIBRARY по ключевым словам: остеоартрит, микробиота, остеонекроз, ВИЧ, асептический некроз (osteoarthritis,  microbiome, osteonecrosis, HIV, aseptic necrosis). Отобраны публикации на русском и английском языках, касающиеся влияния микробиологического фактора на развитие артропатии. Глубина поиска — с 2010 по 2023 год.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В последнее время применяют новые, более совершенные микробиологические методики диагностики. В исследованиях суставных образований при отсутствии как клинических, так и лучевых признаков артрита имеются данные о наличии достаточно широкого спектра микроорганизмов, в том числе патогенных и условно патогенных. Это меняет представления об этиологии и патогенезе дистрофических процессов суставного хряща и обусловливает необходимость пересмотра протоколов лечения целого ряда заболеваний суставов. Необходимы многоцентровые комплексные исследования микробиома суставных образований, крови и кишечника.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Несомненным является наличие в суставных образованиях патогенной микрофлоры в значительном числе наблюдений, имеются доказательства развития местного инфекционного процесса в локальных клеточных элементах костно-хрящевой ткани у пациентов с ранее диагностированным асептическим остеоартритом. Наиболее вероятные источники инфицирования — микробиомы кишечника и урогенитальный тракт. У больных ВИЧ-инфекцией возможно локальное влияние вируса иммунодефицита на развитие остеонекротических процессов суставных образований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common polyetiological disease of the musculoskeletal system, leading to disability. The condition can prevent a person from work, affect mental health, increasing mortality and affecting health care resources around the world as a current and future disease burden. OA had been considered an aseptic disease in the past and now the microbiological factor is viewed as one of the significant etiological aspects of the condition.</p><p>The objective was to summarize the literature data on the role of microorganisms in the etiology and pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, including concomitant HIV infection.</p><p>Material and methods The original literature search (2010 to 2023) was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru) and the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org). Literature searches included both Russian and English studies reporting the effect of microbiological factors on the development of arthropathy.</p><p>Results and discussion New, more advanced microbiological diagnostic methods have been used. There has been evidence of a variety of microorganisms including pathogenic and opportunistic pathogens in the absence of  clinical and radiological signs of arthritis. This changes ideas about the etiology and  pathogenesis of degenerative processes in the articular cartilage and necessitates a revision of treatment protocols for some joint diseases. Multicenter comprehensive studies of the microbiome of joint formations, blood and intestines are needed.</p><p>Conclusions The presence of pathogenic microflora in the joint structures is evident in a significant number of  observations. There is evidence of a local infectious process in the local cellular elements of osteochondral tissue in patients with previously diagnosed aseptic osteoarthritis. Intestinal microbiomes and the urogenital tract are most common sources of infection. A local influence of the immunodeficiency virus on the development of osteonecrotic processes in joint formations can be suggested in HIV patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>остеонекроз</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>асептический некроз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>osteonecrosis</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>aseptic necrosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745-1759. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30417-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. 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