<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2025-31-1-74-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3166</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Случай из практики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case report</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективное сочетание методов артроскопической и малоинвазивной хирургии при хронической заднелатеральной нестабильности локтевого сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effective combination of arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgery  for chronic posterolateral elbow instability</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-9026</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведчиков</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedchikov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Евгеньевич Медведчиков — кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник, врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Новосибирск</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem E. Medvedchikov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, junior researcher, orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Novosibirsk</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medikea@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9329-8373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анастасиева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anastasieva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Андреевна Анастасиева — кандидат медицинских наук, врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Anastasieva — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniya.anastasieva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9231-1380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейник</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleynik</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Анатольевич Олейник — врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris A. Oleynik — orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b_oleynik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3457-1031</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонян</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonyan</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амаяк Арменович Симонян — врач — травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Amayak A. Simonyan — orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hamo199118@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8687-0866</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопович</surname><given-names>Т. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopovich</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимофей Евгеньевич Прокопович — клинический ординатор</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timofey E. Prokopovich — clinical resident</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">timp2354@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-9741</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирилова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kyrilova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Анатольевна Кирилова — доктор медицинских наук, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Новосибирск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Kirilova — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>Novosibirsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinakirilova71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна; Клинический госпиталь «MD Group Мичуринский» (ООО «ХАВЭН»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tsiv’yan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics; Clinical Hospital MD Group Michurinsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tsiv’yan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клинический госпиталь «MD Group Мичуринский» (ООО «ХАВЭН»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Hospital MD Group Michurinsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведчиков А.Е., Анастасиева Е.А., Олейник Б.А., Симонян А.А., Прокопович Т.Е., Кирилова И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведчиков А.Е., Анастасиева Е.А., Олейник Б.А., Симонян А.А., Прокопович Т.Е., Кирилова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedchikov A.E., Anastasieva E.A., Oleynik B.A., Simonyan A.A., Prokopovich T.E., Kyrilova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3166">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3166</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В результате травм и экстремальных физических нагрузок нередко возникают классические модели вывиха костей предплечья, которые составляют 10–25 % всех повреждений локтевого сустава у взрослого населения. Хорошие долгосрочные результаты устранения дислокации сустава после консервативного лечения неоднократно описаны, однако у 8 % пациентов наблюдаются симптомы хронической нестабильности. В данном клиническом наблюдении представлен случай успешного артроскопического лечения связочных стабилизаторов локтевого сустава с использованием эффективного сочетания имплантатов при его заднелатеральной модели нестабильности. В отечественной литературе нами не найдено публикаций о подобном опыте.</p><p>Цель работы — представление клинического случая эффективного сочетания методов артроскопической и малоинвазивной хирургии в объеме реконструкции связочного аппарата при хронической заднелатеральной нестабильности локтевого сустава.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Пациент Н., 31 г., с хронической заднелатеральной ротационной нестабильностью левого локтевого сустава после вывиха костей предплечья давностью более 10 лет. Оперативная методика основана на принципах малоинвазивной реконструктивно-пластической хирургии и отвечает задачам бережного отношения к мягких тканям, позволяя визуализировать повреждение и избегать контакта с нейро-вазальными структурами. Отражены исходные клинические тесты (O’Driscoll, Regan/Lapner, Pollock), данные анкетирования по шкалам (VAS, DASH, MEPS, SF‑36) и томограммы нарушения целостности динамических стабилизаторов на МРТ, 1,5 Тл. Оценку производили в двух контрольных точках (45 и 180 сут.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Первый контроль: сгибание/разгибание — 50/175º, пронация/супинация — 90/90º, VAS 2, DASH 24.2, MEPS — 80 баллов соответственно. Второй контроль: VAS 1, DASH 9.2, MEPS — 95 баллов, сравнительные амплитуды движений соответствовали здоровому суставу. МРТ-исследование подтвердило ход аутотенотрансплантата и лигаментизации сухожилия области реинсерции, отсутствие воспалительных изменений и гетеротопической оссификации.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Совершенствование и прогресс хирургии ориентированы на малоинвазивные вмешательства, в то время как артроскопия локтевого сустава по-прежнему технически сложна из‑за ограниченного пространства. И все же это эффективный метод лечения, в результате которого можно избежать широкого спектра осложнений (14,7 %), а пациенты быстрее, чем при открытых подходах хирургии с большим процентом рисков (52 %), могут приступить к реабилитации и, как следствие, выздороветь.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Комбинация артроскопической и малоинвазивной хирургии в данном клиническом наблюдении позволила избежать конфликта с нейро-вазальными структурами, обеспечила визуальный контроль имплантации якорных фиксаторов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Trauma and extreme physical activity may result in common patterns of forearm dislocation, which account for 10 to 25 % of all elbow injuries in the adult population. Good long-term results of eliminating joint dislocation with the use of conservative treatment have been much described, but 8 % of patients experience symptoms of chronic instability. We present a case of successful arthroscopic treatment of ligamentous stabilizers of the elbow joint using an effective combination of implants for its posterolateral instability. We found no publications on such an experience in the Russian literature.</p><p>The purpose of the work is to present a clinical case of an effective combination of arthroscopic and minimally invasive surgery methods for reconstruction of the ligamentous apparatus in chronic posterolateral instability of the elbow joint.</p><p>Material and methods Patient N., 31 years old, suffered chronic posterolateral rotational instability of the left elbow joint after dislocation of the forearm bones for more than 10 years. The operative technique was based on the principles of minimally invasive reconstructive plastic surgery and meets the objectives of  gentle treatment of soft tissues, allowing visualization of the lesion and avoiding the contact with neuro‑vascular structures. Baseline clinical tests (O'Driscoll, Regan/Lapner, Pollock), questionnaires (VAS, DASH, MEPS, SF‑36), and MRI, 1.5 Tesla MRI scans of dynamic stabilizer disruption are reflected. Evaluation was performed at two control points (45 and 180 days).</p><p>Results The assessment was carried out at two control points. First follow-up (45 days): flexion/extension 50/175º, pronation/supination 90/90º, VAS 2, DASH 24.2, MEPS 80 points, respectively. Second follow‑up (180  days): VAS 1, DASH 9.2, MEPS 95 points, comparative ranges of motion corresponded to  a  healthy joint. An  MRI study confirmed the progress of the autotenograft and tendon ligamentization in  the  area of reinsertion, the absence of inflammatory changes and no heterotopic ossification.</p><p>Discussion Improvements in elbow surgery and technical progress are focused on minimally invasive interventions, while arthroscopy of the elbow joint is still technically difficult due to a limited space. And yet, this is an effective treatment method, as a result of which specialists can avoid a wide range of complications (14.7 %), and patients start rehabilitation faster and, as a result, recover faster than with open surgical approaches with a higher percentage of risks (52 %).</p><p>Conclusion The combination of the above techniques avoids conflict with neurovascular structures, provides visual control of the implantation of anchors and, as a result, reduces the overall risk of complications in the treatment of a rare group of patients with instability of the elbow joint.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локтевой сустав</kwd><kwd>артроскопическое лечение</kwd><kwd>вывих костей предплечья</kwd><kwd>спортивная  медицина</kwd><kwd>заднелатеральная нестабильность</kwd><kwd>коллатеральные связки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>elbow joint</kwd><kwd>arthroscopic treatment</kwd><kwd>dislocation of the forearm bones</kwd><kwd>sports medicine</kwd><kwd>posterolateral elbow instability</kwd><kwd>collateral ligaments</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № 122032200266-8.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the framework of state assignment No. 122032200266-8.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karbach LE, Elfar J. Elbow Instability: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Diagnostic Maneuvers, and Testing. J Hand Surg Am. 2017;42(2):118‑126. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.11.025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karbach LE, Elfar J. Elbow Instability: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Diagnostic Maneuvers, and Testing. J Hand Surg Am. 2017;42(2):118‑126. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.11.025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calderazzi F, Garzia A, Leigheb M, et al. Simple and stable elbow dislocations: results after conservative treatment. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(4-S):224-231. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i4-S.9637.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calderazzi F, Garzia A, Leigheb M, et al. Simple and stable elbow dislocations: results after conservative treatment. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(4-S):224-231. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i4-S.9637.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rezaie N, Gupta S, Service BC, Osbahr DC. Elbow Dislocation. Clin Sports Med. 2020;39(3):637-655. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2020.02.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rezaie N, Gupta S, Service BC, Osbahr DC. Elbow Dislocation. Clin Sports Med. 2020;39(3):637-655. doi: 10.1016/j.csm.2020.02.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilk KE, Arrigo CA, Bagwell MS, et al. Repair of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Rehabilitation Following Internal Brace Surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(4):253-261. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilk KE, Arrigo CA, Bagwell MS, et al. Repair of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: Rehabilitation Following Internal Brace Surgery. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2019;49(4):253-261. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2019.8215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isobe F, Nakamura K, Yamazaki H, et al. Difficult closed reduction of elbow dislocations: two case reports from a multicenter retrospective chart review. JSES Rev Rep Tech. 2021;2(1):113-116. doi: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.10.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isobe F, Nakamura K, Yamazaki H, et al. Difficult closed reduction of elbow dislocations: two case reports from a multicenter retrospective chart review. JSES Rev Rep Tech. 2021;2(1):113-116. doi: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.10.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho CH, Kim BS, Yi J, et al. Common extensor complex is a predictor to determine the stability in simple posterolateral elbow dislocation: analysis of MR images of stable vs. unstable dislocation. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3094. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho CH, Kim BS, Yi J, et al. Common extensor complex is a predictor to determine the stability in simple posterolateral elbow dislocation: analysis of MR images of stable vs. unstable dislocation. J Clin Med. 2020;9(10):3094. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егиазарян К.А., Ратьев А.П., Данилов М.А., Бадриев Д. А. Лечение простой травматической нестабильности локтевого сустава. Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии. 2021;(4):69-79. doi: 10.17238/2226-2016-2021-4-69-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Егиазарян К.А., Ратьев А.П., Данилов М.А., Бадриев Д. А. Лечение простой травматической нестабильности локтевого сустава. Кафедра травматологии и ортопедии. 2021;(4):69-79. doi: 10.17238/2226-2016-2021-4-69-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pederzini LA, Di Palma F, Safran MR, Bain GI. Elbow arthroscopy: state of the art. J ISAKOS. 2017;2(5):279-294. doi: 10.1136/jisakos-2016-000089.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pederzini LA, Di Palma F, Safran MR, Bain GI. Elbow arthroscopy: state of the art. J ISAKOS. 2017;2(5):279-294. doi: 10.1136/jisakos-2016-000089.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Regan W, Lapner PC. Prospective evaluation of two diagnostic apprehension signs for posterolateral instability of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(3):344-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.03.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Regan W, Lapner PC. Prospective evaluation of two diagnostic apprehension signs for posterolateral instability of the elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2006;15(3):344-346. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2005.03.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luokkala T, Temperley D, Basu S, et al. Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed soft tissue injury pattern in simple elbow dislocations. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(2):341-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.08.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luokkala T, Temperley D, Basu S, et al. Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed soft tissue injury pattern in simple elbow dislocations. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019;28(2):341-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.08.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marinelli A, Guerra E, Rotini R. Elbow instability: Are we able to classify it? Review of the literature and proposal of an all-inclusive classification system. Musculoskelet Surg. 2016;100(Suppl 1):61-71. doi: 10.1007/s12306-016-0424-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marinelli A, Guerra E, Rotini R. Elbow instability: Are we able to classify it? Review of the literature and proposal of an all-inclusive classification system. Musculoskelet Surg. 2016;100(Suppl 1):61-71. doi: 10.1007/s12306-016-0424-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams JE. Elbow Instability: Evaluation and Treatment. Hand Clin. 2020;36(4):485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2020.07.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams JE. Elbow Instability: Evaluation and Treatment. Hand Clin. 2020;36(4):485-494. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2020.07.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmed AF, Alzobi OZ, Hantouly AT, et al. Complications of elbow arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022;10(11):23259671221137863. doi: 10.1177/23259671221137863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmed AF, Alzobi OZ, Hantouly AT, et al. Complications of elbow arthroscopic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthop J Sports Med. 2022;10(11):23259671221137863. doi: 10.1177/23259671221137863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schnetzke M, Porschke F, Kneser U, et al. Functional outcomes and complications of open elbow dislocations. Obere Extrem. 2018;13(3):204-210. doi: 10.1007/s11678-018-0466-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schnetzke M, Porschke F, Kneser U, et al. Functional outcomes and complications of open elbow dislocations. Obere Extrem. 2018;13(3):204-210. doi: 10.1007/s11678-018-0466-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hackl M, Müller LP, Wegmann K. The circumferential graft technique for treatment of chronic multidirectional ligamentous elbow instability. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2017;7(1):e6. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.ST.16.00078.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hackl M, Müller LP, Wegmann K. The circumferential graft technique for treatment of chronic multidirectional ligamentous elbow instability. JBJS Essent Surg Tech. 2017;7(1):e6. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.ST.16.00078.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goretti C, Pari C, Puzzo A, et al. Injury of the brachial artery accompanying simple closed elbow dislocation: a case report. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(14-S):e2020030. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i14-S.8507.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goretti C, Pari C, Puzzo A, et al. Injury of the brachial artery accompanying simple closed elbow dislocation: a case report. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(14-S):e2020030. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i14-S.8507.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ратьев А.П. Лечение повреждений области локтевого сустава: дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. М.; 2015:252. Доступно по: https://sechenov.ru/upload/222331.pdf. Ссылка активна на 02.10.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ратьев А.П. Лечение повреждений области локтевого сустава: дис. ... д-ра мед. наук. М.; 2015:252. Доступно по: https://sechenov.ru/upload/222331.pdf. Ссылка активна на 02.10.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Егиазарян К.А., Ратьев А.П., Лазишвили Г.Д. и др. Локтевой сустав. Учебное пособие. Под ред. Егиазаряна К.А., Ратьева А.П. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство; 2019:464. Доступно по: https://medkniga.ru/files/book_fragments_files/33678int.pdf. Ссылка активна на 02.10.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Егиазарян К.А., Ратьев А.П., Лазишвили Г.Д. и др. Локтевой сустав. Учебное пособие. Под ред. Егиазаряна К.А., Ратьева А.П. М.: Медицинское информационное агентство; 2019:464. Доступно по: https://medkniga.ru/files/book_fragments_files/33678int.pdf. Ссылка активна на 02.10.2024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnham J, Murr K, Kamineni S. Arthroscopy of the Elbow: The Basics. In: Kulkarni SB. (ed.) Textbook of Orthopedics and Trauma (4 Volumes). 2016:2008-2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnham J, Murr K, Kamineni S. Arthroscopy of the Elbow: The Basics. In: Kulkarni SB. (ed.) Textbook of Orthopedics and Trauma (4 Volumes). 2016:2008-2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robinson PM, Griffiths E, Watts AC. Simple elbow dislocation. Shoulder Elbow. 2017;9(3):195-204. doi: 10.1177/1758573217694163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robinson PM, Griffiths E, Watts AC. Simple elbow dislocation. Shoulder Elbow. 2017;9(3):195-204. doi: 10.1177/1758573217694163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
