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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-5-753-765</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YGQXMO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3069</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация ревизионной артропластики: роль индивидуальных артикулирующих спейсеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimizing revision arthroplasty: the role of customized articulating spacers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-9823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасов</surname><given-names>Б. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasov</surname><given-names>B. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Булат Шамильевич Минасов — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bulat Sh. Minasov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">B.minasov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-1926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Расуль Радикович Якупов — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rasul R. Yakupov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rasulr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7070-217X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акбашев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akbashev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Николаевич Акбашев — ассистент кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav N. Akbashev — Assistant of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vlad-akb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1273-9430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Билялов</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bilyalov</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азат Ринатович Билялов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azat R. Bilyalov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">azat.bilyalov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1916-3830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минасов</surname><given-names>Т. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minasov</surname><given-names>T. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тимур Булатович Минасов — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Timur B. Minasov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m004@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валеев</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valeev</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Мазгарович Валеев — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat M. Valeev — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">valeevmm@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мавлютов</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mavlyutov</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тагир Рыфатович Мавлютов — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tagir R. Mavlyutov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mavlutovtagir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримов</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimov</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Киемиддин Камолиддинович Каримов — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiemiddin K. Karimov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Karimov-doktor@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7624-5528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердин</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdin</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азамат Радикович Бердин — студент 3 курса</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azamat R. Berdin — 3rd year student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Limoroshow@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>753</fpage><lpage>765</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минасов Б.Ш., Якупов Р.Р., Акбашев В.Н., Билялов А.Р., Минасов Т.Б., Валеев М.М., Мавлютов Т.Р., Каримов К.К., Бердин А.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минасов Б.Ш., Якупов Р.Р., Акбашев В.Н., Билялов А.Р., Минасов Т.Б., Валеев М.М., Мавлютов Т.Р., Каримов К.К., Бердин А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Minasov B.S., Yakupov R.R., Akbashev V.N., Bilyalov A.R., Minasov T.B., Valeev M.M., Mavlyutov T.R., Karimov K.K., Berdin A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3069">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3069</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Современная медицина стремится к постоянному совершенствованию хирургических методик и технологий для достижения максимально эффективных результатов лечения. Одной из ключевых областей современной ортопедической практики и неотъемлемой частью лечения пациентов с осложнениями после первичного эндопротезирования является ревизионная артропластика. Наиболее значимым при ревизионной артропластике считают первый этап, который заключается в удалении предыдущего имплантата и установке спейсера с антибиотиком, основная функция которого — заполнение «пустого пространства», локальное выделение антибиотика и обеспечение механической стабильности, что способствует сохранению костной ткани для установки ревизионного эндопротеза на окончательном этапе ревизии. В последние десятилетия артикулирующие индивидуальные спейсеры стали объектом повышенного внимания, представляя собой перспективное средство для оптимизации первого этапа ревизионной артропластики.</p><p>Цель работы — обобщить современные данные и представить комплексную информацию о спейсерах, используемых при двухэтапном ревизионном протезировании, включая методы их изготовления, физико-химические свойства, клиническое применение и возможности индивидуализации в рамках первого этапа ревизионной артропластики, а также текущие и перспективные направления в их развитии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск литературы за период 2018–2023 гг. проведен в электронных базах PubMed, eLibrary, Cochraine Library по поисковым словам и словосочетаниям: тотальное эндопротезирование, осложнения, ревизионная артропластика, артикулирующий спейсер, перипротезная инфекция, аддитивное производство, 3D-печать, total arthroplasty, complications, revision arthroplasty, articular spacer, joint spacer, periprosthetic infection, additive manufacturing, 3D printing.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проведенный сравнительный анализ использования фабричных, самодельных, динамических и статических моделей спейсеров показывает, что выбор для ревизионной артропластики крупных суставов артикулирующих спейсеров является наиболее актуальным. Фабричные спейсеры обладают рядом преимуществ, таких как стандартизированный размерный ряд, надежность и доступность использования в медицинских учреждениях. Однако они имеют ограничения использования при наличии выраженных дефектов костной ткани.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Применение индивидуальных спейсеров представляет собой перспективное направление, поскольку такие спейсеры могут быть адаптированы под уникальные особенности каждого пациента. Однако, несмотря на большие ожидания от индивидуальных спейсеров, остается актуальной задача разработки оптимальных технологий для их быстрого прототипирования. Инвестиции в исследования и разработки в этом направлении имеют потенциал создания инновационных решений, способных значительно улучшить результаты ревизионной артропластики.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Статья подчеркивает важность систематизации знаний о спейсерах и роль новых исследований в улучшении их дизайна и функциональности. Прогресс в области материаловедения, аддитивных технологий и персонифицированного подхода к изготовлению спейсеров расширяет возможности применения ревизионной артропластики и ее эффективность. Персонализированный подход и усовершенствованные методы локальной доставки лекарственных средств, обеспечивающие контролируемое высвобождение антибиотиков, могут значительно повысить результаты лечения перипротезной инфекции.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction The advancement of surgery is set against a backdrop of continuous development and surgical innovations have transformed the way clinical care is delivered. Revision surgery might be required to  address complications of primary arthroplasty. The first stage of revision arthroplasty would involve removal of  an  implant and placement of an antibiotic-impregnated cement spacer to maintain the joint space and stability, prevent soft tissue retraction, provide local antibiotic release and preserve bone tissue for revision implantation at the final stage of revision. Custom-made articulating spacers are a promising tool for optimizing the first stage of revision arthroplasty.</p><p>The objective was to summarize the current data and present comprehensive information about spacers used in two-stage revision arthroplasty including manufacturing techniques, physical and chemical properties, clinical applications, the possibility of customization within the first stage of revision arthroplasty, current and promising directions for research.</p><p>Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru), the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org), the Cochraine Library (www.cochranelibrary.com) between 2018 and 2023 using search words and phrases: total arthroplasty, complications, revision arthroplasty, articulating spacer, periprosthetic joint infection, additive manufacturing, 3D printing.</p><p>Results A comparative analysis of factory supplied, home-made, dynamic and static spacer models showed that the choice of articulating spacers for revision arthroplasty of major joints is of great relevance. Advantages of factory-made spacers include standardized range of sizes, the reliability and availability for medical institutions. They are characterized by limited use in repair of severe bone defects.</p><p>Discussion Custom-made articulating spacers enable specific tailoring to accommodate individual defects. Despite high expectations from custom-made spacers, development of optimal technologies for rapid prototyping is essential. Investments in research and development in this area have the potential to create innovative solutions that can significantly improve the results of revision arthroplasty.</p><p>Conclusion The paper explores the importance of systemization of knowledge about spacers and the role of new research in improving the design and functionality. Progress in the field of materials science, additive technologies and a personalized approach to spacer manufacturing can expand possibilities of  revision arthroplasty and the effectiveness. Personalized approaches and improved methods of local drug delivery that provide controlled release of antibiotics can improve the results of treatment of periprosthetic joint infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревизионная артропластика</kwd><kwd>артикулирующий спейсер</kwd><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>revision arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>articulating spacer</kwd><kwd>periprosthetic joint infection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского научного фонда по гранту № 23-15-20042.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under grant No. 23-15-20042.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lemme NJ, Veeramani A, Yang DS, et al. 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