<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-5-636-643</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BZPTTN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные этиологические факторы и коморбидная патология тяжелых форм детского церебрального паралича</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main etiological factors and comorbid pathology in severe cerebral palsy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0964-2718</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евреинов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evreinov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Викторович Евреинов — кандидат медицинских наук, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Evreinov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, anesthesiologist-reanimatologist</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Evreinov2020@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-0812</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жирова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhirova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Александровна Жирова — доктор медицинских наук, врач-методист</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana A. Zhirova — Doctor of Medical Sciences, methodologist</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Satokenia70@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0491-2070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуева</surname><given-names>Я. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zueva</surname><given-names>Ya. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Яна Владимировна Зуева — врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yana V. Zueva — orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">black_boom@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский институт травматологии и ортопедии имени В.Д. Чаклина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Institute of Traumatology and orthopedics named after V.D. Chaklin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>636</fpage><lpage>643</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евреинов В.В., Жирова Т.А., Зуева Я.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евреинов В.В., Жирова Т.А., Зуева Я.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evreinov V.V., Zhirova T.A., Zueva Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3057">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3057</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Наибольшее количество факторов, способствовавших развитию детского церебрального паралича (ДЦП), относятся к пре- и интранатальному периодам. Преждевременные роды и низкий вес при рождении являются наиболее важными предикторами ДЦП, сопряжены со стойкими дефектами головного мозга, двигательными расстройствами.</p><p>Цель работы — оценить основные этиологические факторы тяжелых форм ДЦП и коморбидную патологию детей с выраженными двигательными расстройствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Ретроспективное обсервационное исследование включало 170 пациентов с тяжелыми формами церебрального паралича, разделённых на две группы (по 85 человек) в зависимости от двигательных расстройств: GMFCS IV, GMFCS V. Оценивали перинатальные факторы риска ДЦП, корреляционные связи между перинатальными факторами риска ДЦП, выраженными моторными нарушениями и росто-весовыми показателями, коморбидную патологию детей на момент поступления в травматолого-ортопедический стационар.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Пренатальные факторы риска в 71 % случаев были ответственны за развитие ДЦП у детей. В группе GMFCS IV срок гестации имел обратную корреляционную связь с преждевременными родами (R = –0,53; R2 = 28 %). В группе GMFCS V расстройства, обусловленные укорочением срока беременности, были взаимосвязаны с длительностью антенатального периода (R = –0,79; R2 = 62 %), а также прямо коррелировали с родоразрешениями путем кесарева сечения (R = 0,58; R2 = 34 %). Среди коморбидной патологии наиболее часто выявляли заболевания глаз и нарушения психологического развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Низкие росто-весовые показатели пациентов были обусловлены коморбидной патологией, а не фенотипическими конституциональными особенностями. Представляется логичным обратная корреляционная связь нарушений, обусловленных сроком гестации, малой массой тела при рождении, с длительностью беременности, риском развития дыхательных расстройств, и прямая корреляция с родоразрешениями путем кесарева сечения. Тяжелые сопутствующие заболевания чаще диагностировали у пациентов с GMFCS V, что свидетельствует о более масштабных перинатальных катастрофах в ЦНС и взаимосвязи сформировавшейся патологии с выраженными двигательными расстройствами.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Основные факторы риска развития ДЦП у пациентов с выраженными моторными нарушениями GMFCS IV–V связаны с пре- и интранатальным периодами. Коморбидная патология пациентов с тяжелыми формами ДЦП обусловлена грубыми повреждениями головного мозга и двигательными расстройствами, сформировавшимися на этом фоне.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction The largest number of factors contributing to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) relate to the pre- and intranatal periods. Premature birth and low birth weight are the most important predictors of cerebral palsy and are associated with persistent brain and motor disorders. Purpose To evaluate the main etiological factors of severe cerebral palsy and comorbid pathology in children with severe motor disorders.</p><p>Material and methods A retrospective observational study included 170 patients with severe forms of  cerebral palsy, divided into two groups (85 subjects each) depending on motor disorders: GMFCS IV, GMFCS V. Perinatal risk factors for severe cerebral palsy were assessed, correlations between perinatal risk factors for  expressed movement disorders and height/weight indicators, comorbid pathology in children at the time of admission to the trauma and orthopaedic hospital.</p><p>Results Prenatal risk factors were responsible for the development of cerebral palsy in children in 71 % of cases. In the GMFCS IV group, gestational age had an inverse correlation with preterm birth (R = –0.53; R2 = 28 %). In  the  GMFCS V group, disorders caused by a shorter gestational age were interrelated with  the  duration of the antenatal period (R = –0.79; R2 = 62 %), and also directly correlated with delivery by cesarean section (R = 0.58; R2 = 34 %). Among the comorbid pathologies, eye diseases and psychological development disorders were most often detected.</p><p>Discussion Low height/weight parameters of patients were due to comorbid pathology, rather than phenotypic constitutional features. Inverse correlation between the disorders caused by the gestational age, low birth weight and duration of pregnancy, risk of developing respiratory disorders, and a direct correlation with cesarean section seem logical. Severe conmobid diseases were more frequently diagnosed in patients with GMFCS V, indicating more extensive perinatal catastrophes in the central nervous system and the relationship between the developed pathology and severe motor disorders.</p><p>Conclusions The main risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy in patients with severe GMFCS IV–V motor impairments are associated with the pre- and intranatal periods. Comorbid pathology of patients with  severe forms of cerebral palsy is caused by severe brain damage and movement disorders that have developed against this background.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>этиологические факторы</kwd><kwd>коморбидная патология</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ДЦП</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>etiological factors</kwd><kwd>comorbid pathology</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>cerebral palsy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brandenburg JE, Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC. A Critical Evaluation of Current Concepts in Cerebral Palsy. Physiology (Bethesda). 2019;34(3):216-229. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brandenburg JE, Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC. A Critical Evaluation of Current Concepts in Cerebral Palsy. Physiology (Bethesda). 2019;34(3):216-229. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruiz Brunner MLM, Cuestas E, Heinen F, Schroeder AS. Growth in infants, children and adolescents with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05267-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruiz Brunner MLM, Cuestas E, Heinen F, Schroeder AS. Growth in infants, children and adolescents with unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):1879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05267-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitrikas K, Dalton H, Breish D. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):213-220.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitrikas K, Dalton H, Breish D. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):213-220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, et al. Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(9):897-907. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novak I, Morgan C, Adde L, et al. Early, Accurate Diagnosis and Early Intervention in Cerebral Palsy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(9):897-907. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.1689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abd Elmagid DS, Magdy H. Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021;57(1). doi: 10.1186/s41983-020-00265-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abd Elmagid DS, Magdy H. Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021;57(1). doi: 10.1186/s41983-020-00265-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul S, Nahar A, Bhagawati M, Kunwar AJ. A Review on Recent Advances of Cerebral Palsy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:2622310. doi: 10.1155/2022/2622310</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul S, Nahar A, Bhagawati M, Kunwar AJ. A Review on Recent Advances of Cerebral Palsy. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:2622310. doi: 10.1155/2022/2622310</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рябых Т.В., Томов А.Д., Попков Д.А. Особенности соматического статуса у детей с детским церебральным параличом при оперативном ортопедическом лечении. Гений ортопедии. 2016;(3):52-57. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2016-3-52-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riabykh TV, Tomov AD, Popkov DA. Somatic status characteristics in children with cerebral palsy during surgical orthopedic treatment. Genij ortopedii. 2016;(3):52-57. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2016-3-52-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попков Д.А., Чибиров Г.М., Кожевников В.В., Гвоздев Н.С. Многоуровневые ортопедические вмешательства у детей со спастическим параличом. Гений ортопедии. 2021;27(4):475-480. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-4-475-480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popkov DA, Chibirov GM, Kozhevnikov VV, Gvozdev NS. Multilevel orthopaedic surgery in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Genij Ortopedii. 2021;27(4):475-480. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-4-475-480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, et al. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(4):214-223. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, et al. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(4):214-223. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07414.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шалькевич Л.В. Детский церебральный паралич: использование современных классификационных систем. Медицинские новости. 2021;(1):19-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shalkevich LV. Cerebral palsy: modern conception of classification system. Meditsinskie novosti. 2021;(1):19-23. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sellers D, Mandy A, Pennington L, et al. Development and reliability of a system to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56(3):245-251. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sellers D, Mandy A, Pennington L, et al. Development and reliability of a system to classify the eating and drinking ability of people with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56(3):245-251. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnaud C, Ehlinger V, Delobel-Ayoub M, et al. Trends in Prevalence and Severity of Pre/Perinatal Cerebral Palsy Among Children Born Preterm From 2004 to 2010: A SCPE Collaboration Study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624884. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624884</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnaud C, Ehlinger V, Delobel-Ayoub M, et al. Trends in Prevalence and Severity of Pre/Perinatal Cerebral Palsy Among Children Born Preterm From 2004 to 2010: A SCPE Collaboration Study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:624884. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.624884</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadowska M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I. Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:1505-1518. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S235165</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadowska M, Sarecka-Hujar B, Kopyta I. Cerebral Palsy: Current Opinions on Definition, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Classification and Treatment Options. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:1505-1518. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S235165</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fahey MC, Maclennan AH, Kretzschmar D, et al. The genetic basis of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(5):462-469. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fahey MC, Maclennan AH, Kretzschmar D, et al. The genetic basis of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(5):462-469. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horber V, Sellier E, Horridge K, et al. The Origin of the Cerebral Palsies: Contribution of Population-Based Neuroimaging Data. Neuropediatrics. 2020;51(2):113-119. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3402007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horber V, Sellier E, Horridge K, et al. The Origin of the Cerebral Palsies: Contribution of Population-Based Neuroimaging Data. Neuropediatrics. 2020;51(2):113-119. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3402007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бояринцев В.В., Евсеев М.А. Метаболизм и нутритивная поддержка хирургического пациента: Руководство для врачей. СПб.: Онли-Пресс; 2017:260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyarintsev VV, Evseev MA. Metabolism and nutritional support in surgical patients. Doctor’s manual. St. Petersburg: Only-Press Publ.; 2017:260. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.О., Строкова Т.В., Камалова А.А. и др. Диагностика и коррекция нутритивного статуса у детей с детским церебральным параличом. Учебно-методическое пособие. СПб.: СПбГПМУ; 2020:100. Доступно по: https://e.lanbook.com/book/174379. Ссылка активна на 22.03.2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov DO, Strokova TV, Kamalova AA, et al. Diagnosis and correction of nutritional status in children with cerebral palsy. Educational and methodological manual. St. Petersburg: SPbGPMU Publ.; 2020:100. Available at: https://e.lanbook.com/ book/174379. Accessed March 22, 2024. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пак Л.А., Макарова С.Г., Чумбадзе Т.Р., Фисенко А.П. Нарушения нутритивного статуса и их коррекция у детей с детским церебральным параличом. Российский педиатрический журнал. 2019;22(1):23-27. doi: 10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-1-23-27</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pak L.A., Makarova S.G., Chumbadze T.R., Fisenko A.P. Disorders of the nutritional status and their correction in cerebral palsy children. Russian pediatric journal. 2019;22(1):23-27. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18821/1560-9561-2019-22-1-23-27</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sousa KT, Ferreira GB, Santos AT, et al. Assessment of nutritional status and frequency of complications associated to feeding in patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;38:e2018410. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018410</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sousa KT, Ferreira GB, Santos AT, et al. Assessment of nutritional status and frequency of complications associated to feeding in patients with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2020;38:e2018410. doi: 10.1590/1984-0462/2020/38/2018410</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uday S, Shaw N, Krone R, Kirk J. Hypopituitarism in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):559-561. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uday S, Shaw N, Krone R, Kirk J. Hypopituitarism in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(6):559-561. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa A, Martin A, Arreola V, et al. Assessment of Swallowing Disorders, Nutritional and Hydration Status, and Oral Hygiene in Students with Severe Neurological Disabilities Including Cerebral Palsy. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2413. doi: 10.3390/nu13072413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa A, Martin A, Arreola V, et al. Assessment of Swallowing Disorders, Nutritional and Hydration Status, and Oral Hygiene in Students with Severe Neurological Disabilities Including Cerebral Palsy. Nutrients. 2021;13(7):2413. doi: 10.3390/nu13072413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Condrat CE, Filip L, Gherghe M, et al. Maternal HPV Infection: Effects on Pregnancy Outcome. Viruses. 2021;13(12):2455. doi: 10.3390/v13122455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Condrat CE, Filip L, Gherghe M, et al. Maternal HPV Infection: Effects on Pregnancy Outcome. Viruses. 2021;13(12):2455. doi: 10.3390/v13122455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:631972. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:631972. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.631972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зиядинов А.А., Сулима А.Н., Рыбалка А.Н. Причины кесарева сечения при преждевременных родах. Таврический медико-биологический вестник. 2015;18(1):44-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зиядинов А.А., Сулима А.Н., Рыбалка А.Н. Причины кесарева сечения при преждевременных родах. Таврический медико-биологический вестник. 2015;18(1):44-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ream MA, Lehwald L. Neurologic Consequences of Preterm Birth. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018;18(8):48. doi: 10.1007/s11910-018-0862-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ream MA, Lehwald L. Neurologic Consequences of Preterm Birth. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018;18(8):48. doi: 10.1007/s11910-018-0862-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poryo M, Hess S, Stock L, et al. Myocardial Ischemia in a Preterm Born Baby. Klin Padiatr. 2023;235(1):48-49. doi: 10.1055/a-1723-8353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poryo M, Hess S, Stock L, et al. Myocardial Ischemia in a Preterm Born Baby. Klin Padiatr. 2023;235(1):48-49. doi: 10.1055/a-1723-8353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özek E, Kersin SG. Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020;55(3):215-221. doi: 10.14744/ TurkPediatriArs.2020.66742</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özek E, Kersin SG. Intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm babies. Turk Pediatri Ars. 2020;55(3):215-221. doi: 10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.66742</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younge N, Goldstein RF, Cotten CM. Survival and Neurodevelopment of Periviable Infants. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(19):1890-1891. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1703379</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younge N, Goldstein RF, Cotten CM. Survival and Neurodevelopment of Periviable Infants. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(19):1890-1891. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1703379</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitrikas K, Dalton H, Breish D. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):213-220. 30. Michael-Asalu A, Taylor G, Campbell H, et al. Cerebral Palsy: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Update. Adv Pediatr. 2019;66:189-208. doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2019.04.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitrikas K, Dalton H, Breish D. Cerebral Palsy: An Overview. Am Fam Physician. 2020;101(4):213-220.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">İdil ŞA, Altınbay D, Şahlı E, et al. Ophthalmologic approach to babies with cerebral visual impairment. Turk J Pediatr. 2021;63(1):1-10. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michael-Asalu A, Taylor G, Campbell H, et al. Cerebral Palsy: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Genetics, and Clinical Update. Adv Pediatr. 2019;66:189-208. doi: 10.1016/j.yapd.2019.04.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">İdil ŞA, Altınbay D, Şahlı E, et al. Ophthalmologic approach to babies with cerebral visual impairment. Turk J Pediatr. 2021;63(1):1-10. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">İdil ŞA, Altınbay D, Şahlı E, et al. Ophthalmologic approach to babies with cerebral visual impairment. Turk J Pediatr. 2021;63(1):1-10. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2021.01.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
