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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-4-597-607</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QSKPZG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3033</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Повреждения нервов при хирургии плечевого сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nerve injury associated with shoulder surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутуров</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuturov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Олегович Тутуров — врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander O. Tuturov — orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atneuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петросян</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrosyan</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арменак Сергеевич Петросян — кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед, заведующий отделением</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Armenak S. Petrosyan — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon, head of department</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">armenak.p@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Александрович Панин — кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Panin — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">panin-mihil@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарян</surname><given-names>Б. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharyan</surname><given-names>B. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борис Игоревич Захарян — ординатор</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Boris I. Zakharyan — resident</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Zahorean98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль-Баварид</surname><given-names>О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Bawareed</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Омар Аль-Баварид — кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Omar Al-Bavarid — Candidate of Medical Sciences, orthopaedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Alomar442@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital named after S.S. Yudin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская клиническая больница № 17</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital No. 17</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>597</fpage><lpage>607</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тутуров А.О., Петросян А.С., Панин М.А., Захарян Б.И., Аль-Баварид О., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тутуров А.О., Петросян А.С., Панин М.А., Захарян Б.И., Аль-Баварид О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tuturov A.O., Petrosyan A.S., Panin M.A., Zakharyan B.I., Al-Bawareed O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3033">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3033</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Активное развитие хирургии плечевого сустава во многом связано с усилением технического оснащения операционных, усовершенствованием оперативных пособий, а также появлением малоинвазивных методик. Теперь нервы и сосуды редко повреждают прямым пересечением или утягиваются в толще швов. Однако краевые надрывы, сдавления и ущемление нервных стволов при ретракции доступа, катетеризации, некорректном положении пациента на операционном столе и ошибках в реабилитации до сих пор случаются часто.</p><p>Цель работы — выявить факторы, предрасполагающие к повреждению периферических нервов верхней конечности при хирургии плечевого сустава, предложить варианты их исключения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проанализированы основные исследования в области анатомии и хирургии плечевого сустава, опубликованные с 1984 по 2023 г., для выявления анатомических, биомеханических и периоперационных факторов, приводящих к повреждениям периферических нервов. Поиск осуществлен в базах данных GoogleScholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, РИНЦ, Scopus. Для четкой структуризации, максимально краткого и информативного изложения полученных данных результаты анализа распределены по четырем направлениям. Каждое из них включает возможные варианты повреждения периферического нерва верхней конечности.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить факторы, предрасполагающие к повреждению периферических нервов верхней конечности при хирургии плечевого сустава. Возможности их исключения: размещение пациента на операционном столе с адекватной фиксацией головы и туловища вне зависимости от выбранного положения; тракция за оперируемую верхнюю конечность грузом не более 9 кг при помощи специализированного фиксатора; предоперационная разметка операционного поля с окрашиванием костных ориентиров; при длительной операции смещение артроскопических портов на 1–2 см дистальнее и минимизирование поступления жидкости в сустав. В послеоперационном периоде обязательно следует направлять пациента к специалистам по реабилитации для формирования программы ранней активизации и оценивать риски появления признаков неврологических расстройств.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Детальное изучение анатомии плечевого сустава и локализации опасных зон плечевой области, а также рисков при выполнении той или иной манипуляции, позволяет эффективнее осуществлять предоперационное планирование и исключать неврологические осложнения лечения хирургической патологии плечевого сустава.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Progress in shoulder surgery is associated with improved operating rooms equipment, advanced surgical products and minimally invasive techniques. There are rare injuries to nerves and vessels being intersected or pulled into the sutures. However, marginal tears, compression and nerve entrapment of trunks during access retraction, catheterization, inadequate correct of the patient on the operating table and errors in rehabilitation can be common.</p><p>The purpose was to identify factors predisposing to peripheral nerve injury to the upper limb during shoulder surgery and offer prevention options.</p><p>Material and methods Major studies in the field of shoulder anatomy and surgery published between 1984 and 2023 were reviewed to identify anatomical, biomechanical and perioperative factors leading to peripheral nerve injuries. The original literature search was conducted on key resources including GoogleScholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, RSCI, Scopus. Four approaches were used for structuring and informative presentation of the data to include types of the peripheral nerve injury in the upper limb.</p><p>Results and discussion Factors predisposing to the peripheral nerve injury in the upper limb during shoulder surgery were identified in the review. Prevention measures include the patient positioned on the operating table with adequate fixation of the head and torso, regardless of the chosen position; traction of the involved upper limb with a load of not greater than 9 kg using a specialized clamp; preoperative marks of the surgical field and staining of bone landmarks; the arthroscopic ports 1–2 cm to be shifted more distally minimizing the fluid flow into the joint during a long operation. Postoperative consultation with rehabilitation specialists is essential to develop an early activation program and assess the risks of neurological disorders.</p><p>Conclusion The shoulder anatomy and the localization of unsafe zones of the shoulder, the risks associated with a particular manipulation were explored for effective preoperative planning and prevention of neurological complications in the treatment of surgical pathology of the shoulder joint.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плечевой сустав</kwd><kwd>хирургия нервов</kwd><kwd>повреждения нервов</kwd><kwd>артроскопия</kwd><kwd>протезирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>shoulder joint</kwd><kwd>nerve surgery</kwd><kwd>nerve injury</kwd><kwd>arthroscopy</kwd><kwd>arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carofino BC, Brogan DM, Kircher MF, et al. 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