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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-4-511-521</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DXGKXU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-3022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проспективное сравнительное исследование медиального парапателлярного и медиального субвастусного доступов при тотальной артропластике коленного сустава</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospective comparative study of medial parapatellar and medial subvastus approaches in total knee arthroplasty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Badawi</surname><given-names>I.A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badawi</surname><given-names>I.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ihab Abdelwahab Badawi — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ihab Abdelwahab Badawi — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ihabbadawj@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ismail</surname><given-names>A.S.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ismail</surname><given-names>A.S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ayman Soliman Ismail — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ayman Soliman Ismail — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ssssoliman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Waly</surname><given-names>A.H.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Waly</surname><given-names>A.H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ahmed Hassan Waly — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p><p>Drwaly28@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ahmed Hassan Waly — Prof. Dr., Professor of Orthopaedic surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Drwaly28@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Khalkaf</surname><given-names>M.A.N.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalkaf</surname><given-names>M.A.N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Moustafa Ali Nagui Khalkaf</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moustafa Ali Nagui Khalkaf</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">moustafa.nagui78@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>511</fpage><lpage>521</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Badawi I., Ismail A., Waly A., Khalkaf M., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Badawi I., Ismail A., Waly A., Khalkaf M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Badawi I., Ismail A., Waly A., Khalkaf M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3022">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/3022</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Тотальная артропластика коленного сустава (ТКА) является методом лечения пациентов в конечной стадии остеоартроза, консервативная помощь которым не облегчила боль и не улучшила функции сустава. Медиальный парапателлярный доступ (МПД) обеспечивает достаточное сгибание коленного сустава, но разрез через сухожилие четырехглавой мышцы может нарушить разгибательный механизм колена в послеоперационном периоде. Субвастусный доступ (СД) позволяет полностью сохранить сухожилие и мышцу четырехглавой мышцы и обеспечивает адекватное обнажение коленного сустава для проведения процедуры замены, сохраняя целостность кровоснабжения надколенника и уменьшая послеоперационную боль.</p><p>Цель работы — сравнение результатов МПД и СД доступов при первичной ТКА в отношении послеоперационной боли, восстановления мышечной силы, диапазона движений коленного сустава и возвращения к обычной повседневной активности.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. ТКА проведена 60 пациентам университетской больницы Эль-Хадара в Александрии (группы МПД и СД по 30 пациентов). Выбор доступа был рандомизированным.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Статистический анализ результатов в конце шестимесячного наблюдения показал, что достоверных различий между пациентами группы 1 (МПД) и группы 2 (СД) по возрасту, полу, сопутствующей патологии, стороне поражения или индексу массы тела не было. Различий функциональных показателей коленного сустава (IKDC, WOMAC) через 4 нед., 3 мес. и 6 мес. после операции между двумя группами также не зарегистрировано. Тем не менее, в группе СД отмечены лучшие результаты по шкале ВАШ в течение первых пяти послеоперационных дней, более раннее восстановление четырехглавой мышцы по оценке теста на подъем прямой ноги. Продолжительность операции была дольше в группе СД, меньшая кровопотеря зарегистрирована в этой же группе.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. В нашем исследовании при использовании МПД шов на супрамедиальной границе надколенника и противоположный шов на медиальном ретинакулуме позволили хирургу избежать смещения надколенника во время закрытия раны. В группе СД L-образный разрез медиальной капсулы считался эффективным ориентиром для точного закрытия мягких тканей во избежание смещения надколенника.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Преимущество СД заключается в сохранении целостности четырехглавой мышцы, разгибательный механизм после операции остается неповрежденным. При использовании СД отмечены менее интенсивный послеоперационный болевой синдром и меньшая интраоперационная кровопотеря. Пациент может восстановить функцию колена в более короткие сроки, что в значительной степени соответствует концепции ERAS.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis in patients who failed to respond to conservative treatment in providing significant pain relief and improving joint function. The medial parapatellar approach (MPP) allows adequate patellar eversion and sufficient knee flexion to expose the knee joint, but the incision through the quadriceps tendon may impair the extensor mechanism of the knee post-operatively. The subvastus approach (SV) completely spares both the quadriceps tendon and muscle and provides adequate exposure of the knee joint for the replacement procedure, SV maintains integrity of the patellar blood supply and reduces post-operative pain resulting in shorter hospital stay.</p><p>The aim of this prospective study was to compare the results of the medial parapatellar and subvastus approaches in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) regarding postoperative pain, recovery of muscle strength, range of knee motion and return to regular daily activities.</p><p>Materials and Methods Sixty patients underwent TKA at El-Hadara university hospital in Alexandria. The medial parapatellar apphroach (MPP) was performed in 30 patients while the subvastus approach (SV) was used for the other 30 patients. The choice of approach was randomly assigned.</p><p>Results The statistical analysis of the results at the end of a 6-month follow-up showed that there were no significant differences between the patients in group 1 (MPP) and group 2 (SV) with respect to age, gender, comorbidity, side operated or body mass index (BMI). Regarding the functional knee scores (IKDC, WOMAC), there were no differences at 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively between the two groups. However, we found better outcomes in the SV group regarding the VAS score during the first five postoperative days, earlier quadriceps recovery by assessment of Straight Leg Raising test (SLR), while the operative time was longer in the SV group with less blood collected postoperatively in hemovac drain in the same group.</p><p>Discussion In our study during the operation via the MPP approach, the index suture positioned at the superomedial border of the patella and the opposite suture on the medial retinacular flap had enabled the surgeon to avoid patellar maltracking during closure of the wound. In the SV group, the L-shaped incision of the medial capsule was considered an efficient landmark for accurate soft tissue closure avoiding the patellar maltracking.</p><p>Conclusion The subvastus approach offers the advantage of keeping the integrity of quadriceps muscle and the extensor mechanism remains intact post-surgery. It causes less pain and less blood loss postoperatively than the regular parapatellar approach. The patient could recover the knee function in a shorter time with fewer complications, which is greatly in line with the concept of ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артропластика</kwd><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>медиальный парапателлярный доступ</kwd><kwd>субвастусный доступ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>knee joint</kwd><kwd>medial parapatellar approach</kwd><kwd>subvastus approach</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahomed NN, Barrett J, Katz JN, et al. Epidemiology of total knee replacement in the United States Medicare population. 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