<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-2-292-300</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OKBAPU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2968</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ортопедические осложнения гемипаретических форм церебрального паралича: проблемы нижних конечностей (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Orthopaedic complications of hemiparetic forms of cerebral palsy: problems of the lower extremities (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамедов</surname><given-names>У. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamedov</surname><given-names>U. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Улви Фаиг оглы Мамедов — аспирант, врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulvi F. Mammadov — PhD student</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulvi.mamedof@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арнольд Васильевич Попков — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arnold V. Popkov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apopkov.46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гатамов</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gatamov</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орхан Ильхам оглы Гатамов — кандидат медицинских наук, врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orkhan I. Gatamov — Candidate of Medical Sciences</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чибиров</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chibirov</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Георгий Мерабович Чибиров — кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Georgii M. Chibirov — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of Department</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">georgii_chibirov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-867X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Арнольдович Попков — доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, руководитель клиники, член-корр. Французской Академии медицинских наук</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Popkov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of RAS, correspondent member French Academy of Medical Sciences</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dpopkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>300</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мамедов У.Ф., Попков А.В., Гатамов О.I., Чибиров Г.М., Попков Д.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мамедов У.Ф., Попков А.В., Гатамов О., Чибиров Г.М., Попков Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mamedov U.F., Popkov A.V., Gatamov O.I., Chibirov G.M., Popkov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2968">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2968</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Спастическая гемиплегия (одностороннее неврологическое поражение) встречается чаще у доношенных детей, когда в большинстве случаев причиной страдания является внутриутробный или перинатальный инсульт. Как правило, дети с гемипаретическим формами поражения имеют достаточно сохраненные когнитивные и функциональные возможности в сочетании со способностью к самостоятельному передвижению. Среди прочих форм ДЦП гемипаретические спастические формы составляют от 10,4 до 15,3 %. При этом преобладают формы с нетяжелыми двигательными нарушениями по классификации Gross Motor Function Classification System: 87,8 % — уровень I GMFCS, 7,1 % — уровень II GMFCS.</p><p>Цель работы — обобщение информации о применении метода ортопедических вмешательств при гемипаретических формах церебрального паралича как с точки зрения их планирования и полноты коррекции анатомических нарушений, включая неравенство длины нижних конечностей, так и оценки функциональных результатов на основе анализа движений.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск публикаций проведен в научных электронных платформах PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, Research Gate с глубиной поиска 20 лет (с 2002 по 2022 г.). Использованы следующие критерии включения: систематические обзоры, обзорные статьи, когортные исследования по теме многоуровневых вмешательств при гемипаретических формах ДЦП.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Неравенство длины нижних конечностей 1 см и более негативно влияет на кинематику пораженной и интактной контралатеральной конечности. Для непораженной конечности характерна компенсаторная сгибательная установка в тазобедренном и коленном суставах и избыточная тыльная флексия в опорную фазу. На пораженной стороне особенно важен вклад укорочения в развитие патологической кинематики таза и позвоночника. Велика вероятность эквинусной контрактуры после хирургической коррекции на фоне неустраненного неравенства длины нижних конечностей. Методами коррекции неравенства длины являются: консервативный (компенсация обувью), удлинение голени, эпифизеодез контралатеральной конечности, укорачивание контралатеральной конечности. В литературе нет мнения о предпочтительности того или иного метода, о необходимой степени коррекции неравенства длины.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Оценка неравенства длины и вклад этого ортопедического компонента в системные нарушения движений при спастических гемипарезах происходит на основе компьютерной томографии или магнитно-резонансной томографии, а также компьютерного анализа походки. В литературе вопрос коррекции неравенства длины рассматривается отдельно от комплекса других ортопедических вмешательств, при этом не определены особенности коррекции этого симптома в зависимости от потенциала спонтанного роста или после его завершения. Преимущество уравнивания длины конечностей у детей за счет временного эпифизеодеза (над дистракционным остеогенезом) лишь предполагается. Недостаточно данных о влиянии степени уравнивания длины конечностей у пациентов со спастическими гемиплегиями на параметры компьютерного анализа походки.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Spastic hemiplegia (a unilateral neurological disorder) is encountered more often in full-term infants. In most cases, the cause of the condition is intrauterine or perinatal stroke. Children with hemiparetic forms maintain cognitive and functional capabilities in combination with the ability to move independently. Among other forms of cerebral palsy, hemiparetic spastic forms range from 10.4 to 15.3 %. Types with mild motor impairments predominate according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System: 87.8 % are level I GMFCS, 7.1 % are level II GMFCS.</p><p>The purpose of the work was to summarize information on the use of orthopaedic interventions for  hemiparetic forms of cerebral palsy, both from the point of view of their planning and completeness of correction of anatomical disorders including lower limb length discrepancy, and assessment of functional results based on gait analysis.</p><p>Materials and methods The search for publications was carried out in open electronic sources of  medical  literature PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus, Elsevier, Springer, Research Gate with a search depth of  20  years (2002–2022). The following inclusion criteria were used: systematic reviews of the literature, review articles, cohort studies on the topic of multilevel interventions for hemiparetic types of cerebral palsy.</p><p>Results and discussion Lower limb length discrepancy of 1 cm or more affects the kinematics of the affected and  intact contralateral limb. The unaffected limb is characterized by a compensatory flexion in the hip and  knee joints and excessive dorsal flexion in the stance phase. On the affected side, the contribution of shortening to the development of pathological kinematics of the pelvis and spine is especially important. There is a high probability of equinus contracture after surgical correction due to unresolved discrepancy in  the  length of  the  lower extremities. Methods for correcting length discrepancy are conservative (compensation with  shoes), and surgical lengthening of the lower leg, epiphyseodesis of the contralateral limb, shortening of the contralateral limb. There is no opinion in the literature about the preference of this or that method, and on the necessary magnitude of limb length correction.</p><p>Conclusion The assessment of limb length discrepancy and contribution of this orthopaedic component to systemic movement disorders in spastic hemiparesis is based on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, as well as on computer gait analysis. In the literature, the issue of limb length correction is considered separately from the complex of other orthopaedic interventions, while the features of correction with regard to spontaneous growth potential or after growth completion have not been defined. The advantage of  equalizing the limb length in children with temporary epiphyseodesis over distraction osteogenesis is only supposed. There is not enough data on the effect of the limb length correction magnitude in patients with spastic hemiplegia on the parameters of computer gait analysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спастическая гемиплегия</kwd><kwd>ортопедические вмешательства</kwd><kwd>неравенство длины конечностей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>unilateral cerebral palsy</kwd><kwd>orthopedic surgery</kwd><kwd>lower limb length discrepancy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007;109:8-14. Erratum in: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(6):480.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007;109:8-14. Erratum in: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49(6):480.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1240-1249. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61835-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colver A, Fairhurst C, Pharoah PO. Cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2014;383(9924):1240-1249. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61835-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ando N, Ueda S. Functional deterioration in adults with cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(3):300-306. doi: 10.1191/026921500672826716</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ando N, Ueda S. Functional deterioration in adults with cerebral palsy. Clin Rehabil. 2000;14(3):300-306. doi: 10.1191/026921500672826716</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim HS, Son SM. Limb length discrepancy and corticospinal tract disruption in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Children (Basel). 2022;9(8):1198. doi: 10.3390/children9081198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim HS, Son SM. Limb length discrepancy and corticospinal tract disruption in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Children (Basel). 2022;9(8):1198. doi: 10.3390/children9081198</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hurley DS, Sukal-Moulton T, Msall ME, et al. The cerebral palsy research registry: development and progress toward national collaboration in the United States. J Child Neurol. 2011;26(12):1534-1541. doi: 10.1177/0883073811408903</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hurley DS, Sukal-Moulton T, Msall ME, et al. The cerebral palsy research registry: development and progress toward national collaboration in the United States. J Child Neurol. 2011;26(12):1534-1541. doi: 10.1177/0883073811408903</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stavsky M, Mor O, Mastrolia SA, et al. Cerebral palsy-trends in epidemiology and recent development in prenatal mechanisms of disease, treatment, and prevention. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stavsky M, Mor O, Mastrolia SA, et al. Cerebral palsy-trends in epidemiology and recent development in prenatal mechanisms of disease, treatment, and prevention. Front Pediatr. 2017;5:21. doi: 10.3389/fped.2017.00021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mushta SM, King C, Goldsmith S, et al. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in arabicspeaking countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2022;12(7):859. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12070859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mushta SM, King C, Goldsmith S, et al. Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children and adolescents in  arabic-speaking countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Sci. 2022;12(7):859. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12070859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korzeniewski SJ, Slaughter J, Lenski M, et al. The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(9):528‑543. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0043-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korzeniewski SJ, Slaughter J, Lenski M, et al. The complex aetiology of cerebral palsy. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018;14(9):528- 543. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0043-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liptak GS, Murphy NA; Council on Children With Disabilities. Providing a primary care medical home for children and youth with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):e1321-1329. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1468</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liptak GS, Murphy NA; Council on Children With Disabilities. Providing a primary care medical home for children and youth with cerebral palsy. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):e1321-1329. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1468</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel DR, Neelakantan M, Pandher K, Merrick J. Cerebral palsy in children: a clinical overview. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(Suppl 1):S125-S135. doi: 10.21037/tp.2020.01.01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel DR, Neelakantan M, Pandher K, Merrick J. Cerebral palsy in children: a clinical overview. Transl Pediatr. 2020;9(Suppl 1):S125-S135. doi: 10.21037/tp.2020.01.01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorter JW, Rosenbaum PL, Hanna SE, et al, Galuppi BE, Wood E. Limb distribution, motor impairment, and functional classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(7):461-467. doi: 10.1017/s0012162204000763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorter JW, Rosenbaum PL, Hanna SE, et al, Galuppi BE, Wood E. Limb distribution, motor impairment, and functional classification of cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2004;46(7):461-467. doi: 10.1017/s0012162204000763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palisano RJ, Hanna SE, Rosenbaum PL, et al. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2000;80(10):974-85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palisano RJ, Hanna SE, Rosenbaum PL, et al. Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2000;80(10):974-85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutz E, McCarthy J, Shore BJ, et al. Indications for gastrocsoleus lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: a Delphi consensus study. J Child Orthop. 2020;14(5):405-414. doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutz E, McCarthy J, Shore BJ, et al. Indications for gastrocsoleus lengthening in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy: a Delphi consensus study. J Child Orthop. 2020;14(5):405-414. doi: 10.1302/1863-2548.14.200145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mork M. Medical problems and needs of follow-up in a group of children with mild cerebral palsy. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2001;121(13):1566-1569. (In Norweg.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mork M. Medical problems and needs of follow-up in a group of children with mild cerebral palsy. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2001;121(13):1566-1569. (In Norweg.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee HJ, Oh CW, Song KS, et al. Rotational osteotomy with submuscular plating in skeletally immature patients with cerebral palsy. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(4):557-562. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0384-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee HJ, Oh CW, Song KS, et al. Rotational osteotomy with submuscular plating in skeletally immature patients with cerebral palsy. J Orthop Sci. 2013;18(4):557-562. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0384-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaillard F, Cretual A, Cordillet S, et al. Kinematic motion abnormalities and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(8):839-845. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13774</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaillard F, Cretual A, Cordillet S, et al. Kinematic motion abnormalities and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(8):839-845. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13774</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rethlefsen SA, Healy BS, Wren TA, et al. Causes of intoeing gait in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(10):2175-2180. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.E.01280</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rethlefsen SA, Healy BS, Wren TA, et al. Causes of intoeing gait in children with cerebral palsy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88(10):2175-2180. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.E.01280</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grunt S. Looking beyond motor function-adaptive behaviour in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022;36:A1. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.12.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grunt S. Looking beyond motor function-adaptive behaviour in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2022;36:A1. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.12.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joo S, Miller F. Abnormalities in the uninvolved foot in children with spastic hemiplegia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(6):605‑608. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318263a245</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joo S, Miller F. Abnormalities in the uninvolved foot in children with spastic hemiplegia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(6):605- 608. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318263a245</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCahill J, Stebbins J, Prescott RJ, et al. Responsiveness of the foot profile score in children with hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2022;95:160-163. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCahill J, Stebbins J, Prescott RJ, et al. Responsiveness of the foot profile score in children with hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2022;95:160-163. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krzak JJ, Corcos DM, Damiano DL, et al. Kinematic foot types in youth with equinovarus secondary to hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2015;41(2):402-408. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krzak JJ, Corcos DM, Damiano DL, et al. Kinematic foot types in youth with equinovarus secondary to hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2015;41(2):402-408. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gannotti ME, Gorton GE 3rd, Nahorniak MT, Masso PD. Walking abilities of young adults with cerebral palsy: changes after multilevel surgery and adolescence. Gait Posture. 2010;32(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gannotti ME, Gorton GE 3rd, Nahorniak MT, Masso PD. Walking abilities of young adults with cerebral palsy: changes after multilevel surgery and adolescence. Gait Posture. 2010;32(1):46-52. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehtonen K, Mäenpää H, Piirainen A. Does single-event multilevel surgery enhance physical functioning in the reallife environment in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP)?: patient perceptions five years after surgery. Gait Posture. 2015;41(2):448-453. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehtonen K, Mäenpää H, Piirainen A. Does single-event multilevel surgery enhance physical functioning in the reallife environment in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP)?: patient perceptions five years after surgery. Gait Posture. 2015;41(2):448-453. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGinley JL, Dobson F, Ganeshalingam R, et al. Single-event multilevel surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(2):117-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04143.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGinley JL, Dobson F, Ganeshalingam R, et al. Single-event multilevel surgery for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(2):117-128. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04143.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi E, Jamebozorgi AA, Qoreishy M, et al. Comparison of quality of life following single - event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) using bandaging and casting immobilization methods in cerebral palsy Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2021;15(3):55-64. doi: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i2.17361</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi E, Jamebozorgi AA, Qoreishy M, et al. Comparison of quality of life following single - event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) using bandaging and casting immobilization methods in cerebral palsy Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2021;15(3):55-64. doi: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i2.17361</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riad J, Finnbogason T, Broström E. Leg length discrepancy in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(8):846-850. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181fc35dd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riad J, Finnbogason T, Broström E. Leg length discrepancy in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010;30(8):846-850. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181fc35dd</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corradin M, Schiavon R, Borgo A, et al. The effects of uninvolved side epiphysiodesis for limb length equalization in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical evaluation with the Edinburgh visual gait score. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018;28(5):977-984. doi: 10.1007/s00590-017-2097-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corradin M, Schiavon R, Borgo A, et al. The effects of uninvolved side epiphysiodesis for limb length equalization in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: clinical evaluation with the Edinburgh visual gait score. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018;28(5):977-984. doi: 10.1007/s00590-017-2097-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Senst S. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (hemiparesis). Orthopade. 2014 Jul;43(7):649-655. (In German) doi: 10.1007/s00132-013-2219-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Senst S. Unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (hemiparesis). Orthopade. 2014 Jul;43(7):649-655. (In German) doi: 10.1007/s00132-013-2219-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theis N. Lower limb muscle growth in unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(11):1102‑1103. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theis N. Lower limb muscle growth in unilateral and bilateral cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(11):1102‑1103. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carty CP, Walsh HP, Gillett JG, et al. The effect of femoral derotation osteotomy on transverse plane hip and pelvic kinematics in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture. 2014;40(3):333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.066</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carty CP, Walsh HP, Gillett JG, et al. The effect of femoral derotation osteotomy on transverse plane hip and pelvic kinematics in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gait Posture. 2014;40(3):333-340. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.05.066</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schranz C, Kruse A, Kraus T, et al. Does unilateral single-event multilevel surgery improve gait in children with spastic hemiplegia? A retrospective analysis of a long-term follow-up. Gait Posture. 2017;52:135-139. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schranz C, Kruse A, Kraus T, et al. Does unilateral single-event multilevel surgery improve gait in children with spastic hemiplegia? A retrospective analysis of a long-term follow-up. Gait Posture. 2017;52:135-139. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.11.018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamberts RP, Burger M, du Toit J, Langerak NG. A systematic review of the effects of single-event multilevel surgery on gait parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164686</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamberts RP, Burger M, du Toit J, Langerak NG. A systematic review of the effects of single-event multilevel surgery on gait parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164686</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackey AH, Walt SE, Lobb GA, Stott NS. Reliability of upper and lower limb three-dimensional kinematics in children with hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2005;22(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.06.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackey AH, Walt SE, Lobb GA, Stott NS. Reliability of upper and lower limb three-dimensional kinematics in children with hemiplegia. Gait Posture. 2005;22(1):1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.06.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elnaggar RK. Relationship between transverse-plane kinematic deviations of lower limbs and gait performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a descriptive analysis. Gait Posture. 2020;79:224-228. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elnaggar RK. Relationship between transverse-plane kinematic deviations of lower limbs and gait performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: a descriptive analysis. Gait Posture. 2020;79:224-228. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.05.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen PE, Jenkinson A, Stephens MM, O'Brien T. Abnormalities in the uninvolved lower limb in children with spastic hemiplegia: the effect of actual and functional leg-length discrepancy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20(1):88-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen PE, Jenkinson A, Stephens MM, O'Brien T. Abnormalities in the uninvolved lower limb in children with spastic hemiplegia: the effect of actual and functional leg-length discrepancy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2000;20(1):88-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cimolin V, Galli M, Tenore N, et al. Gait strategy of uninvolved limb in children with spastic hemiplegia. Eura Medicophys. 2007;43(3):303-310.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cimolin V, Galli M, Tenore N, et al. Gait strategy of uninvolved limb in children with spastic hemiplegia. Eura Medicophys. 2007;43(3):303-310.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winters TF Jr, Gage JR, Hicks R. Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69(3):437-441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winters TF Jr, Gage JR, Hicks R. Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69(3):437-441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodda J, Graham HK. Classification of gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegia: a basis for a management algorithm. Eur J Neurol. 2001;8 Suppl 5:98-108. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00042.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodda J, Graham HK. Classification of gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia and spastic diplegia: a basis for a management algorithm. Eur J Neurol. 2001;8 Suppl 5:98-108. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00042.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armand S, Decoulon G, Bonnefoy-Mazure A. Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. EFORT Open Rev. 2016;1(12):448-460. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000052</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armand S, Decoulon G, Bonnefoy-Mazure A. Gait analysis in children with cerebral palsy. EFORT Open Rev. 2016;1(12):448-460. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000052</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Sullivan R, Kiernan D, Walsh M, Brien TO. The difficulty identifying intoeing gait in cerebral palsy. Ir Med J. 2013;106(5):144-145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Sullivan R, Kiernan D, Walsh M, Brien TO. The difficulty identifying intoeing gait in cerebral palsy. Ir Med J. 2013;106(5):144-145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zonta MB, Ramalho-Júnior A, Puppi M, et al. Side-to-side growth discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: association with function, activity and social participation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014;72(5):360-367. doi: 10.1590/0004-282x20140020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zonta MB, Ramalho-Júnior A, Puppi M, et al. Side-to-side growth discrepancies in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: association with function, activity and social participation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014;72(5):360-367. doi: 10.1590/0004-282x20140020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romkes J, Freslier M, Rutz E, Bracht-Schweizer K. Walking on uneven ground: How do patients with unilateral cerebral palsy adapt? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2020;74:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romkes J, Freslier M, Rutz E, Bracht-Schweizer K. Walking on uneven ground: How do patients with unilateral cerebral palsy adapt? Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2020;74:8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobson F, Morris ME, Baker R, Graham HK. Unilateral cerebral palsy: a population-based study of gait and motor function. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(5):429-435. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03878.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobson F, Morris ME, Baker R, Graham HK. Unilateral cerebral palsy: a population-based study of gait and motor function. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(5):429-435. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03878.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eek MN, Zügner R, Stefansdottir I, Tranberg R. Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole. Gait Posture. 2017;55:150-156. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eek MN, Zügner R, Stefansdottir I, Tranberg R. Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole. Gait Posture. 2017;55:150-156. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saraph V, Zwick EB, Steinwender G, et al. Leg lengthening as part of gait improvement surgery in cerebral palsy: an evaluation using gait analysis. Gait Posture. 2006;23(1):83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.12.00</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saraph V, Zwick EB, Steinwender G, et al. Leg lengthening as part of gait improvement surgery in cerebral palsy: an evaluation using gait analysis. Gait Posture. 2006;23(1):83-90. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2004.12.00</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon JA, Jung DH, Lee JS, et al. Factors associated with unaffected foot deformity in unilateral cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020;29(1):29-34. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000665</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon JA, Jung DH, Lee JS, et al. Factors associated with unaffected foot deformity in unilateral cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2020;29(1):29-34. doi: 10.1097/BPB.0000000000000665</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salazar-Torres JJ, McDowell BC, Kerr C, Cosgrove AP. Pelvic kinematics and their relationship to gait type in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2011;33(4):620-624. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.02.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salazar-Torres JJ, McDowell BC, Kerr C, Cosgrove AP. Pelvic kinematics and their relationship to gait type in hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2011;33(4):620-624. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.02.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schmid S, Romkes J, Taylor WR, et al. Orthotic correction of lower limb function during gait does not immediately influence spinal kinematics in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2016;49:457-462. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.08.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schmid S, Romkes J, Taylor WR, et al. Orthotic correction of lower limb function during gait does not immediately influence spinal kinematics in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2016;49:457-462. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.08.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sala DA, Grant AD, Kummer FJ. Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: recurrence after tendo Achillis lengthening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(1):45-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb08203.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sala DA, Grant AD, Kummer FJ. Equinus deformity in cerebral palsy: recurrence after tendo Achillis lengthening. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997;39(1):45-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb08203.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sclavos N, Thomason P, Passmore E, et al. Foot drop after gastrocsoleus lengthening for equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2023;100:254-260. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.01.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sclavos N, Thomason P, Passmore E, et al. Foot drop after gastrocsoleus lengthening for equinus deformity in children with cerebral palsy. Gait Posture. 2023;100:254-260. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.01.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schroeder KM, Heydemann JA, Beauvais DH. Musculoskeletal imaging in cerebral palsy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020;31(1):39-56. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.09.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schroeder KM, Heydemann JA, Beauvais DH. Musculoskeletal imaging in cerebral palsy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020;31(1):39-56. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2019.09.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гатамов О.И.,Чибиров Г.М., Борзунов Д.Ю. и др. Коррекция торсионных деформаций у подростков и взрослых с ДЦП, влияние на параметры походки. Гений ортопедии. 2019;25(4):510-516. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2019-25- 4-510-516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gatamov OI, Chibirov GM, Borzunov DYu, et al. Correction of torsion deformities in adolescents and adults with cerebral palsy, impact on gait parameters. Genij Ortopedii. 2019;25(4):510-516. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2019-25-4-510-516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klatt J, Stevens PM. Guided growth for fixed knee flexion deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(6):626-631. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318183d573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klatt J, Stevens PM. Guided growth for fixed knee flexion deformity. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28(6):626-631. doi: 10.1097/ BPO.0b013e318183d573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erickson T, Loder RT. Bone age in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23(5):669-671. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200309000-00019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erickson T, Loder RT. Bone age in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. J Pediatr Orthop. 2003;23(5):669-671. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200309000-00019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JS, Choi IJ, Shin MJ, et al. Bone age in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: is there a correlation with hand function and limb length? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017;30(3):337-341. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JS, Choi IJ, Shin MJ, et al. Bone age in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: is there a correlation with hand function and limb length? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2017;30(3):337-341. doi: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0349</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Journeau P. Update on guided growth concepts around the knee in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020;106(1S):S171-S180. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.04.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Journeau P. Update on guided growth concepts around the knee in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020;106(1S):S171-S180. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2019.04.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsitlakidis S, Horsch A, Schaefer F, et al. Gait classification in unilateral cerebral palsy. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1652. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101652</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsitlakidis S, Horsch A, Schaefer F, et al. Gait classification in unilateral cerebral palsy. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1652. doi: 10.3390/jcm8101652</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wren TA, Rethlefsen S, Kay RM. Prevalence of specific gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy: influence of cerebral palsy subtype, age, and previous surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25(1):79-83. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200501000-00018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wren TA, Rethlefsen S, Kay RM. Prevalence of specific gait abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy: influence of cerebral palsy subtype, age, and previous surgery. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005;25(1):79-83. doi: 10.1097/00004694-200501000-00018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thompson RM, Fowler E, Culo B, Shellock FG. MRI safety and imaging artifacts evaluated for a cannulated screw used for guided growth surgery. Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;66:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thompson RM, Fowler E, Culo B, Shellock FG. MRI safety and imaging artifacts evaluated for a cannulated screw used for guided growth surgery. Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;66:219-225. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jahmani R, Lovisetti G, Alorjani M, Bashaireh K. Percutaneous femoral shortening over a nail using on-site smashing osteotomy technique. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020;30(2):351-358. doi: 10.1007/s00590-019-02556-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jahmani R, Lovisetti G, Alorjani M, Bashaireh K. Percutaneous femoral shortening over a nail using on-site smashing osteotomy technique. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020;30(2):351-358. doi: 10.1007/s00590-019-02556-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
