<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-2-200-209</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">FWHMGI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2958</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Неочевидные и явные признаки патологии грудного отдела позвоночника: клиническое исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Non-obvious and obvious signs of the thoracic spine pathology: a clinical study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Jasim</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jasim</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Mohammed R. Jasim — M.D.</p><p>Басра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohammed R. Jasim — M.D.</p><p>Basrah</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medicalresearch79@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Saeed</surname><given-names>M. A. M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saeed</surname><given-names>M. A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Mubder A. Mohammed Saeed — M.D., Professor</p><p>Басра</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mubder A. Mohammed Saeed — M.D., Professor</p><p>Basrah</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский колледж, Университет Басры</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>College of Medicine, University of Basrah</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>200</fpage><lpage>209</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Jasim M., Saeed M., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Jasim M., Saeed M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jasim M., Saeed M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2958">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2958</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы — выявление определяющих характеристик у пациентов с патологией грудного отдела позвоночника, которые предъявляют нетипичные жалобы, такие как боли в поясничном/шейном отделе и другие.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В период с марта 2020 г. по декабрь 2021 г. в клинической больнице Басры проведено проспективное обсервационное описательное исследование, в котором приняли участие 114 пациентов, разделенных на две группы. В группу А вошли пациенты с патологией грудного отдела позвоночника и грудной болью, в группу В — пациенты с патологией грудного отдела позвоночника и нелокальными симптомами (такими как боль в поясничном отделе позвоночника, боль в конечностях и др.). Комплексная клиническая оценка проводилась с использованием специально разработанной анкеты.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Большинство пациентов относилось к возрастной группе 60–79 лет, причем женщины составляли 55 % в группе A и 60 % в группе В. Курение отмечено у 28,98 % пациентов группы А и 26,66 % пациентов группы B. Пациенты с болью только в пояснице обычно имели симптомы компрессии дорсальных корешков (49,27 %), слабость нижних конечностей (18,84 %) и дисфункцию сфинктера (7,24 %). Пациенты с болью в грудной клетке, пояснице и/или шее часто сообщали о парестезиях (42,22 %) и  симптомах, характерных для компрессии шейного корешка (48,38 %). Кифотическая деформация присутствовала у 20,28 % группы А и 11,11 % группы В, болезненность наблюдалась у 23,18 % пациентов группы А и 13,33 % группы В. Изменения на обзорных рентгенограммах включали сужение дискового пространства (44,44 %), субхондральный склероз (29,63 %), искривления (29,63 %). Артропатии фасетчатых суставов (25,9 %) более распространены у пациентов с симптоматической болью в грудном отделе спины (группа А).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нелокальные симптомы при патологии грудного отдела позвоночника встречаются часто, причем осложненная и многолокальная боль в пояснице встречается чаще, чем изолированная боль в спине или грудном отделе позвоночника. Пожилой возраст, женский пол, ожирение и сопутствующие заболевания являются прогностическими факторами риска развития болей в пояснице. Парестезии являются наиболее частыми неврологическими проявлениями, тогда как кифоз и сколиоз являются первичными проявлениями грудной патологии. Мультимодальные методы визуализации, включая обычные рентгенограммы, МРТ, КТ и сканирование DEXA, могут помочь в обнаружении патологии позвоночника. Основой лечения патологии грудного отдела позвоночника с явными клиническими проявлениями служит хирургическое вмешательство.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background The thoracic spine pathology can lead to severe disability and discomfort.</p><p>This study aims to identify determinant characteristics in patients with thoracic spine pathologies who present with non-regional complaints such as lumbar/cervical pain and others.</p><p>Methods A prospective observational descriptive study was conducted at Basrah Teaching Hospital from March 2020 to December 2021, enrolling 114 patients categorized into two groups. Group A included patients with thoracic spine pathology and thoracic pain, while Group B consisted of patients with thoracic spine pathology and non-local symptoms (such as lower lumbar pain, pain in extremities, etc.). Comprehensive clinical evaluations were performed using a specially designed questionnaire.</p><p>Results The majority of patients were in the 60-79 age group, with females comprising 55 % in Group A and 60 % in Group B. Smoking was observed in 28.98 % of Group A and 26.66 % of Group B. Symptomatic patients with solitary back pain commonly exhibited dorsal root compression symptoms (49.27 %), lower limb weakness (18.84 %), and sphincter dysfunction (7.24 %). Patients with thoracic plus lower and/or neck pain frequently reported paraesthesia (42.22 %) and cervical root symptoms (48.38 %). Kyphotic deformity was present in 20.28 % of Group A and 11.11 % of Group B, while tenderness was observed in 23.18 % of Group A and 13.33 % of Group B. Plain radiograph changes, including disk space narrowing (44.44 %), subchondral sclerosis (29.63 %), curve alterations (29.63 %), and facet arthropathy (25.9 %), were more prevalent in those with symptomatic thoracic back pain (Group A).</p><p>Conclusion Non-local symptoms in thoracic spine pathologies are common, with complicated and multi-site low back pain being more prevalent than isolated back or thoracic pain. Elderly individuals, females, obesity, and comorbidities appear to be predictive risk factors for low back pain development. Paraesthesia emerges as the most common neurological manifestation, while kyphosis and scoliosis are primary presentations of thoracic pathologies. Multi-modalities of imaging, including plain radiographs, MRI, CT scan, and DEXA scan, can aid in detecting back pathologies. The mainstay of managing symptomatic thoracic pathologies is surgical intervention.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>патология позвоночника</kwd><kwd>грудной отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>симптоматическая патология грудного отдела позвоночника</kwd><kwd>деформация позвоночника</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal pathology</kwd><kwd>thoracic spine</kwd><kwd>symptomatic thoracic pathology</kwd><kwd>spinal deformity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liebsch C, Graf N, Appelt K, Wilke HJ. The rib cage stabilizes the human thoracic spine: An in vitro study using stepwise reduction of rib cage structures. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178733</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liebsch C, Graf N, Appelt K, Wilke HJ. The rib cage stabilizes the human thoracic spine: An in vitro study using stepwise reduction of rib cage structures. PLoS One. 2017;12(6):e0178733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178733</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giles L, Singer KP. The clinical anatomy and management of thoracic spine pain. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000:303.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giles L, Singer KP. The clinical anatomy and management of thoracic spine pain. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2000:303.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sueki DG, Cleland JA, Wainner RS. A regional interdependence model of musculoskeletal dysfunction: research, mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Man Manip Ther. 2013;21(2):90-102. doi: 10.1179/2042618612Y.0000000027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sueki DG, Cleland JA, Wainner RS. A regional interdependence model of musculoskeletal dysfunction: research, mechanisms, and clinical implications. J Man Manip Ther. 2013;21(2):90-102. doi: 10.1179/2042618612Y.0000000027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Jager JP, Ahern MJ. Improved evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain: guidelines from the National Health and Medical Research Council are now available. Med J Aust. 2004;181(10):527-528. doi: 10.5694/ j.1326-5377.2004.tb06435.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Jager JP, Ahern MJ. Improved evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain: guidelines from the National Health and Medical Research Council are now available. Med J Aust. 2004;181(10):527-528. doi: 10.5694/ j.1326-5377.2004.tb06435.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lumbar Compression Fractures. A Patient's Guide to Compression Fracture. University of Maryland Medical Center; 2013. Available from: http://umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/lumbar-compression-fractures [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lumbar Compression Fractures. A Patient's Guide to Compression Fracture. University of Maryland Medical Center; 2013. Available from: http://umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/lumbar-compression-fractures [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Spinal Tumors. 2019. Available from: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spinal-Tumors [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Spinal Tumors. 2019. Available from: https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spinal-Tumors [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen G, Fan T, Yang X, et al. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of thoracic spinal stenosis: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2020;29(9):2164-2172. doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06520-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen G, Fan T, Yang X, et al. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of thoracic spinal stenosis: a systematic review. Eur Spine J. 2020;29(9):2164-2172. doi: 10.1007/s00586-020-06520-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osteomyelitis. New York: Columbia University. 2021. Available from: https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patientcare/conditions/osteomyelitis [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osteomyelitis. New York: Columbia University. 2021. Available from: https://www.neurosurgery.columbia.edu/patientcare/conditions/osteomyelitis [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gautam MP, Karki P, Rijal S, Singh R. Pott's spine and paraplegia. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005;44(159):106-115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautam MP, Karki P, Rijal S, Singh R. Pott's spine and paraplegia. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2005;44(159):106-115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raja A, Hoang S, Patel P, Mesfin FB. Spinal Stenosis. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441989/ [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raja A, Hoang S, Patel P, Mesfin FB. Spinal Stenosis. 2023. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441989/ [Accessed 18 Jan, 2024]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benhamou CL, Roux C, Tourliere D, et al. Pseudovisceral pain referred from costovertebral arthropathies. Twenty-eight cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(6):790-795. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199305000-00024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benhamou CL, Roux C, Tourliere D, et al. Pseudovisceral pain referred from costovertebral arthropathies. Twenty-eight cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1993;18(6):790-795. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199305000-00024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Connor RC, Andary MT, Russo RB, DeLano M. Thoracic radiculopathy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2002;13(3):623- 644. doi: 10.1016/s1047-9651(02)00018-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Connor RC, Andary MT, Russo RB, DeLano M. Thoracic radiculopathy. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2002;13(3):623- 644. doi: 10.1016/s1047-9651(02)00018-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goh S, Tan C, Price RI, et al. Influence of age and gender on thoracic vertebral body shape and disc degeneration: an MR investigation of 169 cases. J Anat. 2000;197 Pt 4(Pt 4):647-657. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19740647.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goh S, Tan C, Price RI, et al. Influence of age and gender on thoracic vertebral body shape and disc degeneration: an MR investigation of 169 cases. J Anat. 2000;197 Pt 4(Pt 4):647-657. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19740647.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briggs AM, Smith AJ, Straker LM, Bragge P. Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in children, adolescents and adults. A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:77. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-77</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Briggs AM, Smith AJ, Straker LM, Bragge P. Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in children, adolescents and adults. A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:77. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-77</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wijnhoven HA, de Vet HC, Picavet HS. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is systematically higher in women than in men. Clin J Pain. 2006;22(8):717-724. doi: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000210912.95664.53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wijnhoven HA, de Vet HC, Picavet HS. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is systematically higher in women than in men. Clin J Pain. 2006;22(8):717-724. doi: 10.1097/01.ajp.0000210912.95664.53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adamson G, Murphy S, Shevlin M, et al. Profiling schoolchildren in pain and associated demographic and behavioural factors: a latent class approach. Pain. 2007;129(3):295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adamson G, Murphy S, Shevlin M, et al. Profiling schoolchildren in pain and associated demographic and behavioural factors: a latent class approach. Pain. 2007;129(3):295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.10.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raj P. Epidemiology of pain. In: Raj P. P., editor. Practical Management of Pain. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2000:14-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raj P. Epidemiology of pain. In: Raj P. P., editor. Practical Management of Pain. 3rd ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2000:14-19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akmal M, Kesani A, Anand B, et al. Effect of nicotine on spinal disc cells: a cellular mechanism for disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(5):568-575. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000101422.36419.d8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akmal M, Kesani A, Anand B, et al. Effect of nicotine on spinal disc cells: a cellular mechanism for disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(5):568-575. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000101422.36419.d8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadley MN, Reddy SV. Smoking and the human vertebral column: a review of the impact of cigarette use on vertebral bone metabolism and spinal fusion. Neurosurgery. 1997;41(1):116-124. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199707000-00025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadley MN, Reddy SV. Smoking and the human vertebral column: a review of the impact of cigarette use on vertebral bone metabolism and spinal fusion. Neurosurgery. 1997;41(1):116-124. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199707000-00025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takenaka S, Kaito T, Hosono N, et al. Neurological manifestations of thoracic myelopathy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(7):903-912. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2000-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takenaka S, Kaito T, Hosono N, et al. Neurological manifestations of thoracic myelopathy. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(7):903-912. doi: 10.1007/s00402-014-2000-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ando K, Imagama S, Kobayashi K, et al. Clinical Features of Thoracic Myelopathy: A Single-Center Study. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019;3(11):e10.5435. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-18-00090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ando K, Imagama S, Kobayashi K, et al. Clinical Features of Thoracic Myelopathy: A Single-Center Study. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019;3(11):e10.5435. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-18-00090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim BS, Kim J, Koh HS, et al. Asymptomatic Cervical or Thoracic Lesions in Elderly Patients who Have Undergone Decompressive Lumbar Surgery for Stenosis. Asian Spine J. 2010;4(2):65-70. doi: 10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.65</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim BS, Kim J, Koh HS, et al. Asymptomatic Cervical or Thoracic Lesions in Elderly Patients who Have Undergone Decompressive Lumbar Surgery for Stenosis. Asian Spine J. 2010;4(2):65-70. doi: 10.4184/asj.2010.4.2.65</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roquelaure Y, Bodin J, Ha C, et al. Incidence and risk factors for thoracic spine pain in the working population: the French Pays de la Loire study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(11):1695-1702. doi: 10.1002/acr.22323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roquelaure Y, Bodin J, Ha C, et al. Incidence and risk factors for thoracic spine pain in the working population: the French Pays de la Loire study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(11):1695-1702. doi: 10.1002/acr.22323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wedderkopp N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Andersen LB, et al. Back pain reporting pattern in a Danish population-based sample of children and adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(17):1879-1883. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200109010-00012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wedderkopp N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Andersen LB, et al. Back pain reporting pattern in a Danish population-based sample of children and adolescents. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(17):1879-1883. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200109010-00012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grimmer K, Nyland L, Milanese S. Repeated measures of recent headache, neck and upper back pain in Australian adolescents. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(7):843-851. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01120.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grimmer K, Nyland L, Milanese S. Repeated measures of recent headache, neck and upper back pain in Australian adolescents. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(7):843-851. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01120.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood KB, Garvey TA, Gundry C, Heithoff KB. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine. Evaluation of asymptomatic individuals. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(11):1631-1638. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199511000-00001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood KB, Garvey TA, Gundry C, Heithoff KB. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine. Evaluation of asymptomatic individuals. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(11):1631-1638. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199511000-00001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taneichi H, Kaneda K, Takeda N, et al. Risk factors and probability of vertebral body collapse in metastases of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22(3):239-245. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199702010-00002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taneichi H, Kaneda K, Takeda N, et al. Risk factors and probability of vertebral body collapse in metastases of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997;22(3):239-245. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199702010-00002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Reilly MK, Sugrue G, Byrne D, MacMahon P. Combined intramedullary and intradural extramedullary spinal metastases in malignant melanoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2017220031. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Reilly MK, Sugrue G, Byrne D, MacMahon P. Combined intramedullary and intradural extramedullary spinal metastases in malignant melanoma. BMJ Case Rep. 2017;2017:bcr2017220031. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Perna G, Cofano F, Mantovani C, et al. Separation surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: A qualitative review. J Bone Oncol. 2020;25:100320. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100320</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Perna G, Cofano F, Mantovani C, et al. Separation surgery for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: A qualitative review. J Bone Oncol. 2020;25:100320. doi: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100320</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou Z, Wang X, Wu Z, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of primary spinal osseous tumors in Eastern China. World J Surg Oncol. 2017;15(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12957-017-1136-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou Z, Wang X, Wu Z, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of primary spinal osseous tumors in Eastern China. World J Surg Oncol. 2017;15(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12957-017-1136-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patnaik S, Jyotsnarani Y, Uppin SG, Susarla R. Imaging features of primary tumors of the spine: A pictorial essay. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2016;26(2):279-289. doi: 10.4103/0971-3026.184413</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patnaik S, Jyotsnarani Y, Uppin SG, Susarla R. Imaging features of primary tumors of the spine: A pictorial essay. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2016;26(2):279-289. doi: 10.4103/0971-3026.184413</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H, Li C, Wang J, et al. Characteristics of patients with spinal tuberculosis: seven-year experience of a teaching hospital in Southwest China. Int Orthop. 2012;36(7):1429-1434. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1511-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H, Li C, Wang J, et al. Characteristics of patients with spinal tuberculosis: seven-year experience of a teaching hospital in Southwest China. Int Orthop. 2012;36(7):1429-1434. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1511-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuentes Ferrer M, Gutiérrez Torres L, Ayala Ramírez O, et al. Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 2012;36(2):221-231. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1414-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuentes Ferrer M, Gutiérrez Torres L, Ayala Ramírez O, et al. Tuberculosis of the spine. A systematic review of case series. Int Orthop. 2012;36(2):221-231. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1414-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alam MS, Talukder MMH , Shaha AK, et al. Comparison of Surgical and Conservative Treatment of Spinal Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City. Bang J Neurosurgery. 2015;4(2):42-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alam MS, Talukder MMH , Shaha AK, et al. Comparison of Surgical and Conservative Treatment of Spinal Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City. Bang J Neurosurgery. 2015;4(2):42-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitra SR, Gurjar SG, Mitra KR. Degenerative disease of the thoracic spine in central India. Spinal Cord. 1996;34(6):333- 337. doi: 10.1038/sc.1996.61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitra SR, Gurjar SG, Mitra KR. Degenerative disease of the thoracic spine in central India. Spinal Cord. 1996;34(6):333- 337. doi: 10.1038/sc.1996.61</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valasek T, Vágó E, Danielisz Z, et al. Anatomical changes of the thoracic vertebrae in asymptomatic individuals – A cross-sectional study. Developments in Health Sciences. 2020;3(2):33-38. doi: 10.1556/2066.2020.00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valasek T, Vágó E, Danielisz Z, et al. Anatomical changes of the thoracic vertebrae in asymptomatic individuals – A cross-sectional study. Developments in Health Sciences. 2020;3(2):33-38. doi: 10.1556/2066.2020.00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Jun P, Jacobs R, et al. General principles in the medical and surgical management of spinal infections: a multidisciplinary approach. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;17(6):E1. doi: 10.3171/foc.2004.17.6.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Jun P, Jacobs R, et al. General principles in the medical and surgical management of spinal infections: a multidisciplinary approach. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;17(6):E1. doi: 10.3171/foc.2004.17.6.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hillson R. The spine in diabetes. Pract Diab. 2018;35(1):5-6. doi: 10.1002/pdi.2149</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hillson R. The spine in diabetes. Pract Diab. 2018;35(1):5-6. doi: 10.1002/pdi.2149</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Göçmen S, Çolak A, Mutlu B, Asan A. Is back pain a diagnostic problem in clinical practices? A rare case report. Agri. 2015;27(3):163-165. doi: 10.5505/agri.2015.69782</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Göçmen S, Çolak A, Mutlu B, Asan A. Is back pain a diagnostic problem in clinical practices? A rare case report. Agri. 2015;27(3):163-165. doi: 10.5505/agri.2015.69782</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han S, Jang IT. Prevalence and Distribution of Incidental Thoracic Disc Herniation, and Thoracic Hypertrophied Ligamentum Flavum in Patients with Back or Leg Pain: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Cross-Sectional Study. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:e517-e524. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han S, Jang IT. Prevalence and Distribution of Incidental Thoracic Disc Herniation, and Thoracic Hypertrophied Ligamentum Flavum in Patients with Back or Leg Pain: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Cross-Sectional Study. World Neurosurg. 2018;120:e517-e524. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel N. Surgical disorders of the thoracic and lumbar spine: a guide for neurologists. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;73 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i42-i48. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.73.suppl_1.i42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel N. Surgical disorders of the thoracic and lumbar spine: a guide for neurologists. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;73 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i42-i48. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.73.suppl_1.i42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gugliotta M, da Costa BR, Dabis E, et al. Surgical versus conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e012938. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012938</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gugliotta M, da Costa BR, Dabis E, et al. Surgical versus conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e012938. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012938</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reif J, Gilsbach J, Ostheim-Dzerowycz W. Differential diagnosis and therapy of herniated thoracic disc. Discussion of six cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1983;67(3-4):255-265. doi: 10.1007/BF01401427</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reif J, Gilsbach J, Ostheim-Dzerowycz W. Differential diagnosis and therapy of herniated thoracic disc. Discussion of six cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1983;67(3-4):255-265. doi: 10.1007/BF01401427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korkmaz MF, Durak MA, Ozevren H, et al. Conservative treatment for thoracic disc hernia. J Turk Spinal Surg. 2014;25(4):265-270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korkmaz MF, Durak MA, Ozevren H, et al. Conservative treatment for thoracic disc hernia. J Turk Spinal Surg. 2014;25(4):265-270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taniguchi S, Ogikubo O, Nakamura T, et al. A rare case of extramedullary-intradural hemangioblastoma in the thoracic spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(26):E969-E972. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b8e4f4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taniguchi S, Ogikubo O, Nakamura T, et al. A rare case of extramedullary-intradural hemangioblastoma in the thoracic spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(26):E969-E972. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b8e4f4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toyoda H, Seki M, Nakamura H, et al. Intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma differentiated by MR images in the cervical spine: a case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004;17(4):343-347. doi: 10.1097/01. bsd.0000083630.91606.af</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toyoda H, Seki M, Nakamura H, et al. Intradural extramedullary hemangioblastoma differentiated by MR images in the cervical spine: a case report and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2004;17(4):343-347. doi: 10.1097/01. bsd.0000083630.91606.af</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasargil MG, Antic J, Laciga R, et al. The microsurgical removal of intramedullary spinal hemangioblastomas. Report of twelve cases and a review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 1976;(3):141-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasargil MG, Antic J, Laciga R, et al. The microsurgical removal of intramedullary spinal hemangioblastomas. Report of twelve cases and a review of the literature. Surg Neurol. 1976;(3):141-148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yasuda T, Hasegawa T, Yamato Y, et al. Relationship between Spinal Hemangioblastoma Location and Age. Asian Spine J. 2016;10(2):309-313. doi: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.2.309</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yasuda T, Hasegawa T, Yamato Y, et al. Relationship between Spinal Hemangioblastoma Location and Age. Asian Spine J. 2016;10(2):309-313. doi: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.2.309</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
