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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2024-30-1-124-133</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EQBHMM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2938</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и экзосом в лечении костных дефектов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in bone defects treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-523X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребень</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Greben</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гребень Анастасия Игоревна – ординатор, младший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya I. Greben – Resident.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aik-nastya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8832-8470</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремин</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eremin</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Еремин Петр Серафимович – научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petr S. Eremin – Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ereminps@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-7938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костромина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostromina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костромина Елена Юрьевна – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Kostromina – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bioimed07@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-4803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марков</surname><given-names>П. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марков Павел Александрович – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Markov – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p.a.markov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-2615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильмутдинова</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilmutdinova</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гильмутдинова Ильмира Ринатовна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая отделом.</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilmira R. Gilmutdinova – Candidate of Medical Science, Head of the Department.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gilm.ilmira@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова; Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр реабилитации и курортологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center for Rehabilitation and Balneology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гребень А.И., Еремин П.С., Костромина Е.Ю., Марков П.A., Гильмутдинова И.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребень А.И., Еремин П.С., Костромина Е.Ю., Марков П.A., Гильмутдинова И.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Greben A.I., Eremin P.S., Kostromina E.Y., Markov P.A., Gilmutdinova I.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2938">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2938</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Восстановление костных дефектов является критическим этапом лечения и реабилитации пациента, однако по-прежнему остается сложной задачей для травматологов-ортопедов. Потребность в тканеинженерных методиках обусловлена ограниченными способностями человеческого организма к корректной ауторегенерации костной ткани, особенно у коморбидных и пожилых пациентов с остеопорозом. В большинстве случаев терапией выбора остается использование костных аутотрансплантатов, что сопряжено с определенными ограничениями. Развитие регенеративной медицины и изучение биологии стволовых клеток открыли возможности применения новых методик для стимуляции заживления костной ткани. Особый интерес исследователей сосредоточен на использовании мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и их внеклеточных везикул в качестве стратегий оптимизации регенерации костной ткани.</p><p>Цель работы – на основании литературных данных представить эффективность мезенхимальных столовых клеток и экзосом в лечении костных дефектов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. При подготовке обзора использованы электронная база данных научной литературы Pubmed и электронная библиотека e-Library. Поиск литературных данных произведен по ключевым словам: регенеративная медицина, костные дефекты, экзосомы, мезенхимальные столовые клетки, regenerative medicine, bone defects, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Представлены современные данные о влиянии мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, их микроокружения и экзосом на процесс восстановления костной ткани. Клиническая потребность в эффективной регенерации костей по-прежнему остается на высоком уровне. Использование мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и бесклеточных регенеративных подходов продемонстрировало хорошие результаты в восстановлении дефектов костной ткани и является перспективным направлением. Для продуктивного применения мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и экзосом в лечении костных дефектов необходимо дальнейшее изучение механизмов действия, оценка эффективности и безопасности данных регенеративных методик в доклинических и клинических исследованиях.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Использование мезенхимальных стволовых клеток и бесклеточных регенеративных подходов продемонстрировало хорошие результаты в восстановлении дефектов костной ткани и является перспективным направлением.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Bone defect management is a critical stage of treatment and rehabilitation that still remains a challenging problem for traumatologists and orthopaedists. The need for tissue engineering techniques is due to limited abilities of the human body to correct bone tissue autoregeneration, especially in comorbid and elderly patients with osteoporosis. Bone autografts is a gold standard in those cases but is associated with certain restrictions. Regenerative medicine and stem cell biology development opened up capabilities to employ new methods for enhancement of bone tissue repair. A special interest of researchers is focused on mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles for bone tissue regeneration optimization.</p><p>Purpose of this review was to show mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes effeciency in bone defect treatment.</p><p>Materials and methods Open electronic databases of scientific literature, PubMed and e-Library, were used. The literature data search was carried out using the keywords: regenerative medicine, bone defects, exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells.</p><p>Results and discussion The review presents current ideas about mesenchymal stem cells, their microenvironment and exosomes influence on bone tissue repair. Clinical need in effective bone regeneration is still high. Mesenchymal stem cells and acellular regenerative treatments have shown good results in bone defects repair and are perspective directions. Productive use of mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes in bone defects treatment requires further study of their mechanisms of action, the regenerative techniques efficacy and safety evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies.</p><p>Conclusion The use of mesenchymal stem cells and cell-free regenerative approaches has demonstrated good results in the restoration of bone tissue defects and is a promising direction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>костные дефекты</kwd><kwd>цитотерапия</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные столовые клетки</kwd><kwd>биоинженерия</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>bone defects</kwd><kwd>cytotherapy</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>bioengineering</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu D, Chang X, Tian J, et al. 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