<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-6-585-590</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NGDFNX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2888</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нанесение гидроксиапатита на поверхность трёхмерных скаффолдов из ε-поликапролактона методом обработки в смеси «хороший/плохой» растворитель</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Solvent/non-solvent treatment as a method for surface coating of poly(ε-caprolactone) 3D-printed scaffolds with hydroxyapatite</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочаров</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Сергеевич Бочаров – студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim S. Bocharov – post-graduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vsb27@tpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9466-469X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубиненко</surname><given-names>Г. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinenko</surname><given-names>G. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глеб Евгеньевич Дубиненко – младший научный сотрудник</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gleb E. Dubinenko – junior research fellow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dubinenko@tpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-867X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Арнольдович Попков – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, член-корреспондент Французской академии медицинскихнаук, врач травматолог-ортопед, руководитель Клиники</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Popkov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Medical Sciences, Head of the Clinic</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dpopkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5791-1989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Арнольд Васильевич Попков – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Arnold V. Popkov – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">apopkov.46@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2242-6358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Твердохлебов</surname><given-names>C. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tverdokhlebov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Иванович Твердохлебов – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey I. Tverdokhlebov – Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tverd@tpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский политехнический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>585</fpage><lpage>590</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бочаров В.С., Дубиненко Г.Е., Попков Д.А., Попков А.В., Твердохлебов C.И., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бочаров В.С., Дубиненко Г.Е., Попков Д.А., Попков А.В., Твердохлебов C.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bocharov V.S., Dubinenko G.E., Popkov D.A., Popkov A.V., Tverdokhlebov S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2888">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2888</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. За последние десятилетия было предложено множество новых материалов и технологий для инженерии костной ткани. Среди перспективных материалов можно отметить полимерные биорезорбируемые скаффолды для хирургического лечения костных дефектов, однако отсутствие биоактивных свойств ограничивает их применение в клинической практике.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Применение обработки поверхности скаффолдов из поликапролактона смесью «хороший/плохой» растворитель в качестве метода закрепления на поверхности скаффолдов биоактивных частиц гидроксиапатита и исследование физико-химических свойств скаффолдов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе методом 3D-печати были изготовлены биомиметические скаффолды из поликапролактона. Скаффолды были обработаны в смеси «хороший/плохой» растворитель, что позволило закрепить на поверхности скаффолдов частицы гидроксиапатита.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Было показано, что обработка смесью толуола и этанола приводит к равномерному нанесению частиц гидроксиапатита на поверхность скаффолдов из поликапролактона при сохранении его пористой структуры. Количество гидроксиапатита на поверхности скаффолдов составило 5,7 ± 0,8 мас. %.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Предлагаемый метод обработки обеспечивает равномерное покрытие внешней и внутренней поверхностей скаффолдов из поликапролактона с сохранением их пористой структуры. Результаты инфракрасной спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье показывают, что обработка смесью «хороший/ плохой» растворитель не изменяет химической структуры скаффолдов из поликапролактона.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В работе был успешно реализован метод нанесения частиц гидроксиапатита на 3D-скаффолды из поликапролактона с использованием обработки в смеси «хороший/плохой» растворитель. В результате обработки скаффолды сохранили свою форму и взаимосвязанную пористую структуру, а адсорбированный на всей их поверхности гидроксиапатит представлял собой равномерно распределённый слой частиц.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction Over the last decades numerous new materials and techniques for bone tissue engineering have been developed. The use of bioresorbable polymeric scaffolds is one of the most promising techniques for surgical management of bone defects. However, the lack of bioactive properties of biodegradable polymers restricts the area of their application for bone tissue engineering.</p><p>The aim of study was to apply solvent/non-solvent treatment to coat the surface of 3D-printed bioresorbable poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with bioactive hydroxyapatite particles and report on the physicochemical properties of the resulting materials.</p><p>Material and Methods In the present study, biomimetic poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds were 3D-printed via fused deposition modeling technology and their surface was treated with the solvent/non-solvent method for coating with bioactive particles of hydroxyapatite.</p><p>Results It has been found that treatment in the mixture of toluene and ethanol is suitable for the coating of poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite. The scaffolds maintain porous structure after treatment while hydroxyapatite particles form homogeneous coating. The amount of hydroxyapatite on the treated scaffolds was 5.7 ± 0.8 wt. %.</p><p>Discussion The proposed method ensures a homogeneous coating of outer and inner surfaces of the poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds with hydroxyapatite without a significant impact on the structure of a scaffold. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the solvent/non-solvent treatment has no effect on the chemical structure of PCL scaffolds.</p><p>Conclusion Coating of biomimetic 3D-printed PCL scaffolds with bioactive hydroxyapatite by the solvent/non-solvent treatment has been successfully carried out. Upon coating, scaffolds retained their shape and interconnected porous structure and adsorbed hydroxyapatite particles that were uniformly distributed on the surface of the scaffold.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инженерия костной ткани</kwd><kwd>скаффолды</kwd><kwd>поликапролактон</kwd><kwd>гидроксиапатит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>scaffolds</kwd><kwd>polycaprolactone</kwd><kwd>hydroxyapatite</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">исследование выполнено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации, проект «Наука FSWW-2023-0007».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project Nauka FSWW-2023-0007.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2018;80:1-30. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2018;80:1-30. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharadwaz A, Jayasuriya AC. Recent trends in the application of widely used natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites in bone tissue regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020;110:110698. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110698</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharadwaz A, Jayasuriya AC. Recent trends in the application of widely used natural and synthetic polymer nanocomposites in bone tissue regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020;110:110698. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110698</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheah CW, Al-Namnam NM, Lau MN, et al. Synthetic Material for Bone, Periodontal, and Dental Tissue Regeneration: Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Heading Next? Materials (Basel). 2021;14(20):6123. doi: 10.3390/ma14206123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheah CW, Al-Namnam NM, Lau MN, et al. Synthetic Material for Bone, Periodontal, and Dental Tissue Regeneration: Where Are We Now, and Where Are We Heading Next? Materials (Basel). 2021;14(20):6123. doi: 10.3390/ma14206123</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, et al. The Application of Polycaprolactone in Three-Dimensional Printing Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(16):2754. doi: 10.3390/polym13162754</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, et al. The Application of Polycaprolactone in Three-Dimensional Printing Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13(16):2754. doi: 10.3390/polym13162754</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gil-Castell O, Badia JD, Ontoria-Oviedo I, et al. In vitro validation of biomedical polyester-based scaffolds: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) as model-case. Polymer Testing. 2018;66:256-267. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gil-Castell O, Badia JD, Ontoria-Oviedo I, et al. In vitro validation of biomedical polyester-based scaffolds: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) as model-case. Polymer Testing. 2018;66:256-267. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.01.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fu Z, Cui J, Zhao B, et al. An overview of polyester/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue repairing. J Orthop Translat. 2021;28:118-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.02.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fu Z, Cui J, Zhao B, et al. An overview of polyester/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue repairing. J Orthop Translat. 2021;28:118-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.02.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 A;9(4):590. doi: 10.3390/nano9040590</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Y, Liao C, Tjong SC. Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 A;9(4):590. doi: 10.3390/nano9040590</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gritsch L., Perrin E., Chenal J.M., et al. Combining bioresorbable polyesters and bioactive glasses: Orthopedic applications of composite implants and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Appl Mater Today. 2021;22(13):100923. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100923</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gritsch L., Perrin E., Chenal J.M., et al. Combining bioresorbable polyesters and bioactive glasses: Orthopedic applications of composite implants and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Appl Mater Today. 2021;22(13):100923. doi: 10.1016/j.apmt.2020.100923</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gong L, Li J, Zhang J, et al. An interleukin-4-loaded bi-layer 3D printed scaffold promotes osteochondral regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2020;117:246- 260. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gong L, Li J, Zhang J, et al. An interleukin-4-loaded bi-layer 3D printed scaffold promotes osteochondral regeneration. Acta Biomater. 2020;117:246- 260. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tian L, Zhang Z, Tian B, et al. Study on antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of EPL coated 3D printed PCL/HA composite scaffolds. RSC Adv. 2020;10(8):4805-4816. doi: 10.1039/c9ra10275b</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tian L, Zhang Z, Tian B, et al. Study on antibacterial properties and cytocompatibility of EPL coated 3D printed PCL/HA composite scaffolds. RSC Adv. 2020;10(8):4805-4816. doi: 10.1039/c9ra10275b</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho YS, Quan M, Lee SH, et al. Assessment of osteogenesis for 3D-printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with enhanced exposure of hydroxyapatite using rat calvarial defect model. Compos Sci Technol. 2019;184:107844. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107844</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho YS, Quan M, Lee SH, et al. Assessment of osteogenesis for 3D-printed polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite composite scaffold with enhanced exposure of hydroxyapatite using rat calvarial defect model. Compos Sci Technol. 2019;184:107844. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107844</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bittner SM, Smith BT, Diaz-Gomez L, et al. Fabrication and mechanical characterization of 3D printed vertical uniform and gradient scaffolds for bone and osteochondral tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2019;90:37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bittner SM, Smith BT, Diaz-Gomez L, et al. Fabrication and mechanical characterization of 3D printed vertical uniform and gradient scaffolds for bone and osteochondral tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2019;90:37-48. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerdes S, Mostafavi A, Ramesh S, et al. Process-Structure-Quality Relationships of Three-Dimensional Printed Poly(Caprolactone)-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A. 2020;26(5-6):279-291. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2019.0237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerdes S, Mostafavi A, Ramesh S, et al. Process-Structure-Quality Relationships of Three-Dimensional Printed Poly(Caprolactone)-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A. 2020;26(5-6):279-291. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2019.0237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eosoly S, Vrana NE, Lohfeld S, et al. Interaction of cell culture with composition effects on the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). Mater Sci Eng: C. 2012;32(8):2250-2257. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.06.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eosoly S, Vrana NE, Lohfeld S, et al. Interaction of cell culture with composition effects on the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). Mater Sci Eng: C. 2012;32(8):2250-2257. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.06.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suo H, Chen Y, Liu J, et al. 3D printing of biphasic osteochondral scaffold with sintered hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone. J Mater Sci. 2021;56:16623–16633. doi: 10.1007/s10853-021-06229-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suo H, Chen Y, Liu J, et al. 3D printing of biphasic osteochondral scaffold with sintered hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone. J Mater Sci. 2021;56:16623–16633. doi: 10.1007/s10853-021-06229-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho YS, Quan M, Kang NU, et al. Strategy for enhancing mechanical properties and bone regeneration of 3D polycaprolactone kagome scaffold: Nano hydroxyapatite composite and its exposure. Eur Polym J. 2020;134:109814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109814.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho YS, Quan M, Kang NU, et al. Strategy for enhancing mechanical properties and bone regeneration of 3D polycaprolactone kagome scaffold: Nano hydroxyapatite composite and its exposure. Eur Polym J. 2020;134:109814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109814.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gómez-Lizárraga KK, Flores-Morales C, Del Prado-Audelo ML, et al. Polycaprolactone- and polycaprolactone/ceramic-based 3D-bioplotted porous scaffolds for bone regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017;79:326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gómez-Lizárraga KK, Flores-Morales C, Del Prado-Audelo ML, et al. Polycaprolactone- and polycaprolactone/ceramic-based 3D-bioplotted porous scaffolds for bone regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017;79:326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liao HT, Lee MY, Tsai WW, et al. Osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells on polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold fabricated via selective laser sintering and surface coating with collagen type I. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2016;10(10):E337-E353. doi: 10.1002/term.1811</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liao HT, Lee MY, Tsai WW, et al. Osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells on polycaprolactone-β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold fabricated via selective laser sintering and surface coating with collagen type I. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2016;10(10):E337-E353. doi: 10.1002/term.1811</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Noroozi R, et al. Recent advances in 3D-printed polylactide and polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;218:930-968. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Noroozi R, et al. Recent advances in 3D-printed polylactide and polycaprolactone-based biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;218:930-968. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaroszewicz J, Idaszek J, Choinska E, et al. Formation of calcium phosphate coatings within polycaprolactone scaffolds by simple, alkaline phosphatase based method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;96:319-328. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaroszewicz J, Idaszek J, Choinska E, et al. Formation of calcium phosphate coatings within polycaprolactone scaffolds by simple, alkaline phosphatase based method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;96:319-328. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goreninskii SI, Stankevich KS, Nemoykina AL, et al. A first method for preparation of biodegradable fibrous scaffolds containing iodine on the fibre surfaces. Bull Mater Sci. 2018;41:100. doi: 10.1007/s12034-018-1625-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goreninskii SI, Stankevich KS, Nemoykina AL, et al. A first method for preparation of biodegradable fibrous scaffolds containing iodine on the fibre surfaces. Bull Mater Sci. 2018;41:100. doi: 10.1007/s12034-018-1625-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elzein T, Nasser-Eddine M, Delaite C, et al. FTIR study of polycaprolactone chain organization at interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;273(2):381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elzein T, Nasser-Eddine M, Delaite C, et al. FTIR study of polycaprolactone chain organization at interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004;273(2):381-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sabino MA. Oxidation of polycaprolactone to induce compatibility with other degradable polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92(6):986–996. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabino MA. Oxidation of polycaprolactone to induce compatibility with other degradable polyesters. Polym Degrad Stab. 2007;92(6):986–996. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.03.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dias JR, Sousa A, Augusto A, et al. Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) Degradation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(16):3397. doi: 10.3390/polym14163397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dias JR, Sousa A, Augusto A, et al. Electrospun Polycaprolactone (PCL) Degradation: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(16):3397. doi: 10.3390/polym14163397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodard LN, Grunlan MA. Hydrolytic Degradation and Erosion of Polyester Biomaterials. ACS Macro Lett. 2018;7(8):976-982. doi: 10.1021/ acsmacrolett.8b00424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodard LN, Grunlan MA. Hydrolytic Degradation and Erosion of Polyester Biomaterials. ACS Macro Lett. 2018;7(8):976-982. doi: 10.1021/ acsmacrolett.8b00424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tobita H. Random degradation of branched polymers. 2. Multiple branches. Macromolecules. 1996;29:3010-3021. doi: 10.1021/ma9509725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tobita H. Random degradation of branched polymers. 2. Multiple branches. Macromolecules. 1996;29:3010-3021. doi: 10.1021/ma9509725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang Z, Li X, Tan Y, et al. The material and biological characteristics of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics. Regen Biomater. 2018;5(1):43-59. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbx024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang Z, Li X, Tan Y, et al. The material and biological characteristics of osteoinductive calcium phosphate ceramics. Regen Biomater. 2018;5(1):43-59. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbx024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorozhkin SV. Functionalized calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) and their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B. 2019;7(47):7471-7489. doi: 10.1039/c9tb01976f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorozhkin SV. Functionalized calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) and their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B. 2019;7(47):7471-7489. doi: 10.1039/c9tb01976f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koju N, Sikder P, Ren Y, et al. Biomimetic coating technology for orthopedic implants. Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2017;15:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j. coche.2016.11.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koju N, Sikder P, Ren Y, et al. Biomimetic coating technology for orthopedic implants. Curr Opin Chem Eng. 2017;15:49-55. doi: 10.1016/j. coche.2016.11.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arcos D, Vallet-Regí M. Substituted hydroxyapatite coatings of bone implants. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(9):1781-1800. doi: 10.1039/c9tb02710f</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arcos D, Vallet-Regí M. Substituted hydroxyapatite coatings of bone implants. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8(9):1781-1800. doi: 10.1039/c9tb02710f</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rezaei A, Mohammadi MR. In vitro study of hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (HA/PCL) nanocomposite synthesized by an in situ sol-gel process. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2013;33(1):390-396. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rezaei A, Mohammadi MR. In vitro study of hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone (HA/PCL) nanocomposite synthesized by an in situ sol-gel process. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2013;33(1):390-396. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schneider M, Fritzsche N, Puciul-Malinowska A, et al. Surface Etching of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid) with NaOH: A Systematic Approach. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(8):1711. doi: 10.3390/polym12081711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schneider M, Fritzsche N, Puciul-Malinowska A, et al. Surface Etching of 3D Printed Poly(lactic acid) with NaOH: A Systematic Approach. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(8):1711. doi: 10.3390/polym12081711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
