<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2023-29-5-526-534</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ELJGET</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2867</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительная оценка остеоинтеграции новых чрескожных имплантатов из ультрамелкозернистого сплава Ti Grade 4</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative evaluation of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants made of Ti Grade 4 ultrafine‑grained alloy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-8571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стогов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stogov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Валерьевич Стогов – доктор биологических наук, доцент, руководитель отдела</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Stogov – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stogo_off@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-3597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еманов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Александрович Еманов – кандидат ветеринарных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. Emanov – Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_eman@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8949-6345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Павлович Кузнецов – доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий лабораторией, профессор кафедры</p><p>Курган;</p><p>Екатеринбург</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor P. Kuznetsov – Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Laboratory, Professor of the Department</p><p> Kurgan;</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wpkuzn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-7481</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбач</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbach</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Николаевна Горбач – кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Gorbach – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorbach.e@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5217</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Киреева – кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Курган</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Kireeva – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>Kurgan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ea_tkachuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корелин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korelin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Викторович Корелин – кандидат технических наук, доцент, начальник управления, УрФУ</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Korelin – Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.korelin@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии имени академика Г.А. Илизарова; Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ilizarov National Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>526</fpage><lpage>534</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стогов М.В., Еманов А.А., Кузнецов В.П., Горбач Е.Н., Киреева Е.А., Корелин А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стогов М.В., Еманов А.А., Кузнецов В.П., Горбач Е.Н., Киреева Е.А., Корелин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stogov M.V., Emanov A.A., Kuznetsov V.P., Gorbach E.N., Kireeva E.A., Korelin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2867">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2867</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Показано, что титановые имплантаты из материалов со структурированной поверхностью обеспечивают повышенную скорость остеоинтеграции, что делает их применение достаточно перспективным.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести сравнительную оценку эффективности остеоинтеграции новых чрескожных имплантатов для протезирования, изготовленных из ультрамелкозернистого сплава Ti Grade 4.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на 12 кроликах самцах породы Советская шиншилла. 6-ти кроликам контрольной группы в большеберцовую кость были остеоинтегрированы имплантаты, изготовленные по технологии селективного лазерного сплавления из порошка Ti6Al4V, 6-ти кроликам опытной группы устанавливали имплантаты, изготовленные из прутка Ti Grade 4 со смешанной нанокристаллической и ультрамелкозернистой структурой, полученной интенсивной пластической деформацией методом равноканального углового прессования. Формирование блока «кость-имплантат» исследовалось через 26 недель после имплантации.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Гистологически через 26 недель эксперимента у животных опытной группы на всем протяжении культи в компактной пластинке не выявлено порозных изменений, расширения гаверсовых каналов, выраженной остеокластической резорбции. Вокруг имплантата формировался повторяющий его форму костный футляр, представленный пластинчатой костной тканью. Методом рентгеновского электронно-зондового микроанализа обнаружено, что в субстрате формирующегося на поверхности имплантата у кроликов опытной группы кальция было достоверно больше во всех областях имплантата относительно животных группы контроля. У животных группы контроля относительно опытной группы дольше удерживался повышенный уровень С-реактивного белка сыворотки крови. Осложнений и значительных клинико-лабораторных отклонений у животных обеих групп в ходе всего эксперимента не обнаружено.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение</title><p>Обсуждение. Полученные нами данные согласуются с результатами других экспериментальных исследований, в которых однозначно отмечено, что титановые имплантаты со структурированной поверхностью в сравнительных исследованиях показывают повышенные характеристики остеоинтеграции относительно имплантатов без модификации структуры материала резьбовой поверхности. Отсутствие осложнений и нежелательных реакции организма животных также говорит о приемлемой безопасности тестированных изделий.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Остеоинтеграция чрескожного имплантата со смешанной нанокристаллической и ультрамелкозернистой структурой была более эффективна относительно изделия сравнения. Это делает перспективным применение таких имплантатов для решения клинических задач протезирования.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction It has been shown that titanium implants with a structured surface provide an increased rate of osseointegration what makes their application quite promising.</p><p>The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the efficiency of osseointegration of new percutaneous implants for prosthetics made of ultrafine-grained Ti Grade 4 alloy.</p><p>Materials and methods The study was carried out on 12 male rabbits of the Soviet Chinchilla breed. Six rabbits of the control group had implants made of Ti6Al4V powder using selective laser sintering technology that were osseointegrated into the tibia, 6 rabbits of the experimental group had implants made of Ti Grade 4 by equal channel angular pressing. The formation of the "bone-implant" block was examined 26 weeks after the implantation.</p><p>Results Histologically, after 26 weeks of the experiment, porous changes, enlargement of the Haversian canals, and pronounced osteoclastic resorption were not detected in the animals of the experimental group throughout the stump in the compact plate. Around the implant, a bony case repeating the bone shape was formed, represented by lamellar bone tissue. Using X-ray electron probe microanalysis, it was found that in the substrate formed on the surface of the implant in rabbits of the experimental group, there was significantly more calcium in all areas over the implant relative to the animals of the control group. In the control group, relative to the experimental group, an increased level of C-reactive protein in blood serum was retained longer. Complications and significant clinical and laboratory abnormalities were not found in both groups during the entire experiment.</p><p>Discussion Our data are consistent with the results of other experimental studies, which unambiguously noted that titanium implants with a structured surface show increased osseointegration characteristics in comparative studies relative to implants without modification of the structure of the material of the threaded surface. The absence of complications and undesirable reactions of the animal organism also indicates the acceptable safety of the tested products.</p><p>Conclusion Osseointegration of a percutaneous implant that has a mixed nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained structure was more effective than the reference implant. This makes the use of such implant promising for solving clinical problems in prosthetics.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протезирование</kwd><kwd>остеоинтеграция</kwd><kwd>титановый имплантат</kwd><kwd>нанокристаллическая структура</kwd><kwd>селективное лазерное сплавление</kwd><kwd>эксперимент</kwd><kwd>кролики</kwd><kwd>безопасность изделия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prosthetics</kwd><kwd>osseointegration</kwd><kwd>titanium implant</kwd><kwd>nanocrystalline structure</kwd><kwd>selective laser fusion</kwd><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>rabbits</kwd><kwd>product safety</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках темы «Управляемая одноэтапная остеоинтеграция чрескожных имплантатов с механобиологическим стимулированием костеобразования в условиях системы внешней фиксации» государственного задания на осуществление научных исследований и разработок ФГБУ «НМИЦ ТО им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Минздрава России, а также при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sánchez-Bodón J, Andrade Del Olmo J, Alonso JM, et al. Bioactive Coatings on Titanium: A Review on Hydroxylation, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and Surface Modification Strategies. Polymers (Basel). 2021;14(1):165. doi: 10.3390/polym1401016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sánchez-Bodón J, Andrade Del Olmo J, Alonso JM, et al. Bioactive Coatings on Titanium: A Review on Hydroxylation, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and Surface Modification Strategies. Polymers (Basel). 2021;14(1):165. doi: 10.3390/polym1401016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, et al. Surface Modification of Biomedical Ti and Ti Alloys: A Review on Current Advances. Materials (Basel). 2022;15(5):1749. doi: 10.3390/ma15051749</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu J, Zhang J, Shi Y, et al. Surface Modification of Biomedical Ti and Ti Alloys: A Review on Current Advances. Materials (Basel). 2022;15(5):1749. doi: 10.3390/ma15051749</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain S, Parashar V. Analytical review on the biocompatibility of surface-treated Ti-alloys for joint replacement applications. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2022;19(9):699-719. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2132146</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain S, Parashar V. Analytical review on the biocompatibility of surface-treated Ti-alloys for joint replacement applications. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2022;19(9):699-719. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2022.2132146</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaur M, Singh K. Review on titanium and titanium based alloys as biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;102:844-862. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.064</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaur M, Singh K. Review on titanium and titanium based alloys as biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019;102:844-862. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su EP, Justin DF, Pratt CR, et al. Effects of titanium nanotubes on the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implant surfaces. Bone Joint J. 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):9-16. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B1.BJJ-2017-0551.R1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su EP, Justin DF, Pratt CR, et al. Effects of titanium nanotubes on the osseointegration, cell differentiation, mineralisation and antibacterial properties of orthopaedic implant surfaces. Bone Joint J. 2018;100-B(1 Supple A):9-16. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.100B1.BJJ-2017-0551.R1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhan X, Li S, Cui Y, et al. Comparison of the osteoblastic activity of low elastic modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy and pure titanium modified by physical and chemical methods. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020;113:111018. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhan X, Li S, Cui Y, et al. Comparison of the osteoblastic activity of low elastic modulus Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn alloy and pure titanium modified by physical and chemical methods. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2020;113:111018. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чекишева Т.Н. Наноматериалы и их роль в регенерации костной ткани. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2019;8(4):19-24. doi: 10.31088/CEM2019.8.4.19-24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чекишева Т.Н. Наноматериалы и их роль в регенерации костной ткани. Клиническая и экспериментальная морфология. 2019;8(4):19-24. doi: 10.31088/CEM2019.8.4.19-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souza JCM, Sordi MB, Kanazawa M, et al. Nano-scale modification of titanium implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration. Acta Biomater. 2019;94:112-131. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.045</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souza JCM, Sordi MB, Kanazawa M, et al. Nano-scale modification of titanium implant surfaces to enhance osseointegration. Acta Biomater. 2019;94:112-131. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.045</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шулятникова О.А., Рогожников Г.И., Порозова С.Е. и др. Функциональные наноструктурированные материалы на основе диоксида титана для использования в ортопедической стоматологии. Проблемы стоматологии. 2020;16(1):171-177. doi: 10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-1-171-177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шулятникова О.А., Рогожников Г.И., Порозова С.Е. и др. Функциональные наноструктурированные материалы на основе диоксида титана для использования в ортопедической стоматологии. Проблемы стоматологии. 2020;16(1):171-177. doi: 10.18481/2077-7566-20-16-1-171-177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C, Gao S, Lu R, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes with Superhydrophilic Surfaces during Early Osseointegration. Cells. 2022;11(21):3417. doi: 10.3390/cells11213417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C, Gao S, Lu R, et al. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Hydrogenated Titanium Dioxide Nanotubes with Superhydrophilic Surfaces during Early Osseointegration. Cells. 2022;11(21):3417. doi: 10.3390/cells11213417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y, Gulati K, Li Z, et al. Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021;11(10):2489. doi: 10.3390/nano11102489</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y, Gulati K, Li Z, et al. Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021;11(10):2489. doi: 10.3390/nano11102489</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darter BJ, Syrett ED, Foreman KB, et al. Changes in frontal plane kinematics over 12-months in individuals with the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP). PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0281339. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281339</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darter BJ, Syrett ED, Foreman KB, et al. Changes in frontal plane kinematics over 12-months in individuals with the Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis (POP). PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0281339. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281339</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagberg K, Ghasemi Jahani SA, Omar O, Thomsen P. Osseointegrated prostheses for the rehabilitation of patients with transfemoral amputations: A prospective ten-year cohort study of patient-reported outcomes and complications. J Orthop Translat. 2022;38:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagberg K, Ghasemi Jahani SA, Omar O, Thomsen P. Osseointegrated prostheses for the rehabilitation of patients with transfemoral amputations: A prospective ten-year cohort study of patient-reported outcomes and complications. J Orthop Translat. 2022;38:56-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinclair S, Beck JP, Webster J, et al. The First FDA Approved Early Feasibility Study of a Novel Percutaneous Bone Anchored Prosthesis for Transfemoral Amputees: A Prospective 1-year Follow-up Cohort Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(11):2092-2104. doi: 10.1016/j. apmr.2022.06.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinclair S, Beck JP, Webster J, et al. The First FDA Approved Early Feasibility Study of a Novel Percutaneous Bone Anchored Prosthesis for Transfemoral Amputees: A Prospective 1-year Follow-up Cohort Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2022;103(11):2092-2104. doi: 10.1016/j. apmr.2022.06.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еманов А.А., Горбач Е.Н., Стогов М.В. и др. Выживаемость чрескожных имплантатов в условиях различной механической нагрузки на кость. Гений ортопедии. 2018;24(4):500-506. doi: 10.3390/10.18019/1028-4427-2018-24-4-500-506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Еманов А.А., Горбач Е.Н., Стогов М.В. и др. Выживаемость чрескожных имплантатов в условиях различной механической нагрузки на кость. Гений ортопедии. 2018;24(4):500-506. doi: 10.3390/10.18019/1028-4427-2018-24-4-500-506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузнецов В.П., Горгоц В.Г., Аникеев А.В., Еманов А.А. Производство новых внутрикостных остеоинтегрируемых имплантатов методом аддитивных технологий. Вестник Курганского государственного университета. Серия «Технические науки». 2017;(2):120-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кузнецов В.П., Горгоц В.Г., Аникеев А.В., Еманов А.А. Производство новых внутрикостных остеоинтегрируемых имплантатов методом аддитивных технологий. Вестник Курганского государственного университета. Серия «Технические науки». 2017;(2):120-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каплан М.А., Смирнов М.А., Кирсанкин А.А., Севостьянов М.А. Свойства изделий из титанового сплава Ti6-Al4-V, полученных методом селективного лазерного плавления. Физика и химия обработки материалов. 2019;(3):46-57. doi: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-3-46-57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каплан М.А., Смирнов М.А., Кирсанкин А.А., Севостьянов М.А. Свойства изделий из титанового сплава Ti6-Al4-V, полученных методом селективного лазерного плавления. Физика и химия обработки материалов. 2019;(3):46-57. doi: 10.30791/0015-3214-2019-3-46-57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida D, Sartoretto SC, Calasans-Maia JA, et al. In vivo osseointegration evaluation of implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite in low density bone. PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0282067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almeida D, Sartoretto SC, Calasans-Maia JA, et al. In vivo osseointegration evaluation of implants coated with nanostructured hydroxyapatite in low density bone. PLoS One. 2023;18(2):e0282067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao NJ, Zhu YH, Gao F, et al. Gradient nanostructured titanium stimulates cell responses in vitro and enhances osseointegration in vivo. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(7):531. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-7588</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao NJ, Zhu YH, Gao F, et al. Gradient nanostructured titanium stimulates cell responses in vitro and enhances osseointegration in vivo. Ann Transl Med. 2021;9(7):531. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-7588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Das S, Dholam K, Gurav S, et al. Accentuated osseointegration in osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implants. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53884-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Das S, Dholam K, Gurav S, et al. Accentuated osseointegration in osteogenic nanofibrous coated titanium implants. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17638. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53884-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasegawa M, Saruta J, Hirota M, et al. A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):783. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030783</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasegawa M, Saruta J, Hirota M, et al. A Newly Created Meso-, Micro-, and Nano-Scale Rough Titanium Surface Promotes Bone-Implant Integration. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(3):783. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030783</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He W, Yin X, Xie L, et al. Enhancing osseointegration of titanium implants through large-grit sandblasting combined with micro-arc oxidation surface modification. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2019;30(6):73. doi: 10.1007/s10856-019-6276-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He W, Yin X, Xie L, et al. Enhancing osseointegration of titanium implants through large-grit sandblasting combined with micro-arc oxidation surface modification. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2019;30(6):73. doi: 10.1007/s10856-019-6276-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoornaert A, Vidal L, Besnier R, et al. Biocompatibility and osseointegration of nanostructured titanium dental implants in minipigs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020;31(6):526-535. doi: 10.1111/clr.13589</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoornaert A, Vidal L, Besnier R, et al. Biocompatibility and osseointegration of nanostructured titanium dental implants in minipigs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2020;31(6):526-535. doi: 10.1111/clr.13589</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salou L, Hoornaert A, Stanovici J, et al. Comparative bone tissue integration of nanostructured and microroughened dental implants. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2015;10(5):741-51. doi: 10.2217/nnm.14.223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salou L, Hoornaert A, Stanovici J, et al. Comparative bone tissue integration of nanostructured and microroughened dental implants. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2015;10(5):741-51. doi: 10.2217/nnm.14.223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farrell BJ, Prilutsky BI, Ritter JM, et al. Effects of pore size, implantation time, and nano-surface properties on rat skin ingrowth into percutaneous porous titanium implants. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(5):1305-15. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34807</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farrell BJ, Prilutsky BI, Ritter JM, et al. Effects of pore size, implantation time, and nano-surface properties on rat skin ingrowth into percutaneous porous titanium implants. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2014;102(5):1305-15. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34807</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van den Borre CE, Zigterman BGR, Mommaerts MY, Braem A. How surface coatings on titanium implants affect keratinized tissue: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2022;110(7):1713-1723. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van den Borre CE, Zigterman BGR, Mommaerts MY, Braem A. How surface coatings on titanium implants affect keratinized tissue: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2022;110(7):1713-1723. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.35025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones CF, Quarrington RD, Tsangari H, et al. A Novel Nanostructured Surface on Titanium Implants Increases Osseointegration in a Sheep Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480(11):2232-2250. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002327</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones CF, Quarrington RD, Tsangari H, et al. A Novel Nanostructured Surface on Titanium Implants Increases Osseointegration in a Sheep Model. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480(11):2232-2250. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002327</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morandini Rodrigues L, Lima Zutin EA, Sartori EM, et al. Nanoscale hybrid implant surfaces and Osterix-mediated osseointegration. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2022;110(3):696-707. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morandini Rodrigues L, Lima Zutin EA, Sartori EM, et al. Nanoscale hybrid implant surfaces and Osterix-mediated osseointegration. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2022;110(3):696-707. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asri RIM, Harun WSW, Samykano M, et al. Corrosion and surface modification on biocompatible metals: A review. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017;77:1261-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asri RIM, Harun WSW, Samykano M, et al. Corrosion and surface modification on biocompatible metals: A review. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2017;77:1261-1274. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding M, Shi J, Wang W, et al. Early osseointegration of micro-arc oxidation coated titanium alloy implants containing Ag: a histomorphometric study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):628. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02673-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding M, Shi J, Wang W, et al. Early osseointegration of micro-arc oxidation coated titanium alloy implants containing Ag: a histomorphometric study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):628. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02673-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X, Wang M, Zhang W, et al. A Magnesium-Incorporated Nanoporous Titanium Coating for Rapid Osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:6593-6603. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S255486</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X, Wang M, Zhang W, et al. A Magnesium-Incorporated Nanoporous Titanium Coating for Rapid Osseointegration. Int J Nanomedicine. 2020;15:6593-6603. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S255486</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gulati K, Scimeca JC, Ivanovski S, Verron E. Double-edged sword: Therapeutic efficacy versus toxicity evaluations of doped titanium implants. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(11):2734-2742. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gulati K, Scimeca JC, Ivanovski S, Verron E. Double-edged sword: Therapeutic efficacy versus toxicity evaluations of doped titanium implants. Drug Discov Today. 2021;26(11):2734-2742. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jayasree A, Ivanovski S, Gulati K. ON or OFF: Triggered therapies from anodized nano-engineered titanium implants. J Control Release. 2021;333:521-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jayasree A, Ivanovski S, Gulati K. ON or OFF: Triggered therapies from anodized nano-engineered titanium implants. J Control Release. 2021;333:521-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
