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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">genort</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Гений ортопедии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genij Ortopedii</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1028-4427</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-131X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-2-270-276</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">genort-2632</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор литературы</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Literature review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы диагностики и лечения асептического некроза головки бедренной кости в современной травматологии и ортопедии (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems of diagnosis and treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in contemporary traumatology and orthopedics (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одарченко</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Odarchenko</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Одарченко Дмитрий Игоревич, к. м. н.,</p><p>г. Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry I. Odarchenko, Ph.D.,</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitry.odarchenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзюба</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzyuba</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дзюба Герман Григорьевич, д. м. н., доцент,</p><p>г. Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>German G. Dzyuba, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor,</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">germanort@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерофеев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erofeev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерофеев Сергей Александрович, д. м. н., профессор,</p><p>г. Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Erofeev, M.D., Ph.D., Professor,</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esa_rncvto@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Н. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>N. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Николай Константинович,</p><p>г. Омск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolay K. Kuznetsov,</p><p>Omsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikkon.link@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Омский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>№ 2 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>270</fpage><lpage>276</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Одарченко Д.И., Дзюба Г.Г., Ерофеев С.А., Кузнецов Н.К., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Одарченко Д.И., Дзюба Г.Г., Ерофеев С.А., Кузнецов Н.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Odarchenko D.I., Dzyuba G.G., Erofeev S.A., Kuznetsov N.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2632">https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2632</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Асептический некроз головки бедренной кости – тяжелое заболевание, чаще всего ассоциированное с предшествующей травмой, приемом алкоголя, кортикостероидов или с заболеваниями крови. Ранняя диагностика затруднена, нет схемы консервативного лечения с доказанной эффективностью, а используемые органосохраняющие методы оперативного лечения не всегда могут отдалить тотальное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. Эндопротезирование обеспечивает хорошие результаты в раннем и отдаленном послеоперационном периоде, однако распространенность данного заболевания среди людей молодого возраста делает необходимым разработку новых методов консервативного и оперативного лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить актуальность проблемы диагностики и лечения асептического некроза головки бедренной кости. Изучить опыт современных подходов и концепций в диагностике и лечении АНГБК. Определить спектр наиболее эффективных методов лечения данной патологии. Установить актуальность дальнейшего исследования данной проблематики.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен обзор литературы по базам научных статей PubMed и Google Scholar. Из полученной выборки отбирался материал, соответствующий заявленной теме исследования. При описании некоторых аспектов этиологии, патогенеза и развития методов диагностики и лечения АНГБК были использованы, в том числе, и более ранние публикации (2009–2014 гг.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Рассмотрены основные современные взгляды на этиологию и патогенез АНГБК. Произведен обзор классических и современных методов диагностики АНГБК. Особенности современного оперативного и консервативного подхода к лечению данной патологии. Выполнен обзор основных классификаций. Обсуждение. В диагностике АНГБК важную роль играет раннее выявление и обследование пациентов группы риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. клинических исследований по применению бисфосфонатов неоднозначны, а мета-анализ пяти рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ) 2016 года не выявил статистически значимых улучшений у пациентов с АНГБК. Гипербарическая оксигенация уменьшает внутритканевую ишемию путем увеличения внеклеточной концентрации кислорода и показывает обнадеживающие результаты. Core-декомпрессия признается стандартом лечения при ранних стадиях АНГБК. На современном этапе рассматривается применение комбинированного лечения бифосфонатами, core-декомпрессией и мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками. Комбинированная терапия может быть эффективной в замедлении прогрессирования коллапса на ранней стадии АНГБК, однако необходимы дальнейшие исследования для определения отдаленных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Асептический некроз головки бедренной кости – тяжелое полиэтиологическое заболевание, которое на данный момент недостаточно исследовано. При установке диагноза необходимо учитывать предполагаемые факторы риска, обеспечить раннее выполнение МРТ- исследования. В настоящее время нет данных о консервативном методе лечения ранних стадий АНГБК, который бы имел высокую доказательность и эффективность не только в ближайшем, но и в отдаленном периоде наблюдения. Необходимо проведение дополнительных проспективных рандомизированных клинических исследований для определения эффективности известных и разрабатываемых методов клеточной терапии в лечении АНГБК. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a severe disease most commonly associated with previous trauma, alcohol intake, administration of corticosteroids or blood diseases. Early diagnosis is difficult, there is no conservative treatment protocol with proven effectiveness, and the organ-preserving surgical treatments which have been used may not always postpone hip arthroplasty. Arthroplasty provides good results in the short and long-term postoperative period, but the prevalence of this disease among young people requires developing new methods of conservative and operative treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the problems of diagnosis and treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head; to study the experience of current approaches and concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of ANFH; determine the range of the most effective methods for treating this pathology; to establish the relevance of further research on this issue.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Literature review was conducted of the sources from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The material was selected that corresponded to the stated purpose of the research topic. For describing some aspects of the aetiology, pathogenesis and development of methods for diagnosing and treating ANFH, earlier publications (2009–2014) were also used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main views on the aetiology and pathogenesis of ANFH have been studied. Classical and current diagnostic methods for ANFH were reviewed as well as current operative and conservative approaches to the treatment of this pathology. A review of the main classifications was conducted.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Discussion. Early detection and examination of at-risk patients plays an important role in the diagnosis of ANFH. The results of clinical trials on the use of bisphosphonates seem mixed, as the meta-analysis in five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in 2016 showed no statistically significant improvement in patients with ANFH. Hyperbaric oxygenation reduces interstitial ischemia by increasing extracellular oxygen concentration and shows encouraging results. Core decompression is recognized as the standard care in the early stages of ANFH. At present, the use of combined treatment with bisphosphonates, core-decompression and mesenchymal stem cells has been investigated. Combined therapy may be effective in slowing the progression of collapse at an early stage of ANFH, but further research is needed to have long-term results.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a severe polyetiological disease that has not been sufficiently studied. For its diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account the possible risk factors and to ensure an early MRI study. At present, there is no data on a conservative method of treating the early stages of ANFH, which would have high evidence and effectiveness not only in the immediate, but also in the long-term follow-up. It is necessary to conduct additional prospective randomized clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of already known and developed methods of cell therapy in the treatment of ANFH.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>асептический некроз головки бедренной кости</kwd><kwd>АНГБК</kwd><kwd>аваскулярный некроз</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteonecrosis of the femoral head</kwd><kwd>aseptic necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH)</kwd><kwd>avascular necrosis</kwd><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>hip arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu T., Xie L., Chu F. A sclerotic rim provides mechanical support for the femoral head in osteonecrosis // Orthopedics. 2015. Vol. 38, No 5. P. e374-e379. 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