genortГений ортопедииGenij Ortopedii1028-44272542-131XЦЕНТР ИЛИЗАРОВА10.18019/1028-4427-2021-27-1-121-127genort-2611Research ArticleОбзор литературыLiterature reviewСовременные методы восстановительного лечения пациентов после артроскопической реконструктивной пластики передней крестообразной связки коленного сустава: обзор литературыCurrent methods of rehabilitation after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint (review of literature)АхтямовИ. Ф.AkhtyamovI. F.

Ахтямов Ильдар Фуатович, д. м. н., профессор,

г. Казань

Ildar F. Akhtyamov, M.D., Ph.D., Professor,

Kazan

yalta60@mail.ruАйдаровВ. И.AidarovV. I.

Айдаров Владимир Ирекович, к. м. н.,

г. Казань

Vladimir I. Aidarov, M.D., Ph.D.,

Kazan

aidarov_vladimir@mail.ruХасановЭ. Р.KhasanovE. R.

Хасанов Эльдар Равилевич,

г. Казань

Eldar R. Khasanov, M.D.,

Kazan

yalta60@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное автономное учреждение здравоохранения «Республиканская клиническая больница Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан»РоссияKazan State Medical University; Republican Clinical HospitalRussian FederationГосударственное автономное учреждение здравоохранения «Республиканская клиническая больница Министерства здравоохранения Республики Татарстан»РоссияRepublican Clinical HospitalRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202128022021271№ 1 (2021)121127Copyright © Ахтямов И.Ф., Айдаров В.И., Хасанов Э.Р., 20212021Ахтямов И.Ф., Айдаров В.И., Хасанов Э.Р.Akhtyamov I.F., Aidarov V.I., Khasanov E.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ilizarov-journal.com/jour/article/view/2611Введение

Введение. Ведущим способом лечения пациентов при повреждении передней крестообразной связки является трансплантационная реконструкция. Несмотря на высокую распространённость данного типа вмешательств, вопросы восстановительного лечения пациентов освещены недостаточно.

Цель

Цель. Сбор и анализ доступных научных публикаций, посвящённых современным методам восстановительного лечения пациентов после реконструктивной пластики передней крестообразной связки коленного сустава.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Авторами проведён анализ 44 актуальных источников информации, посвящённых современным методам восстановительного лечения пациентов после артроскопической пластики передней крестообразной связки. Поиск материалов производился в базах данных PubMed, Web of Science по ключевым словам «anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction», «anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation». Критерии включения: соответствие общей тематике, актуальность, внедрение новых тенденций в восстановительное лечение. Критерии исключения: публикации, вышедшие в свет ранее последних 10 лет.

Результаты

Результаты. В ходе анализа установлено, что основными аспектами восстановительного лечения являются разумное сочетание охранительного режима (ношение функционального ортеза или иных средств иммобилизации, дозированная ходьба с костылями) и физической нагрузки (комплекс физических упражнений, плавание). В основе профилактики контрактур лежат ранняя активация функции конечности и поддержание тонуса мышц. В свою очередь, основной задачей иммобилизации в рамках послеоперационного режима является предотвращение или снижение болевого синдрома. В данной статье предложены авторские методики реабилитации, которые могут быть использованы в ходе восстановительного лечения пациента и ускорят процесс репарации связки. В статье приведены примеры успешного проведения реабилитационных мероприятий в домашних условиях под амбулаторным наблюдением специалиста при регламентированной программе реабилитации, включающей вышеперечисленные аспекты. Дискуссия. Реабилитация пациентов после трансплантационной реконструкции передней крестообразной связки – это необходимое дополнение к оперативному лечению. Именно от правильно построенной реабилитационной программы зависит скорейшее восстановление функциональных возможностей пациента и полноценное возвращение к активному образу жизни.

Introduction

Introduction. The leading method for treating patients with injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament is its reconstruction. Although this operation is a common procedure, the issues of rehabilitation have not been fully studied. The aim of study Collection and analysis of available published studies on current methods of rehabilitation treatment after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. We analyzed the publications that were devoted to current methods of rehabilitation treatment of patients after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The materials were searched for in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction”, “anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation”. Inclusion criteria were compliance with the general topic, relevance, introduction of new rehabilitation treatments. Studies published earlier than the last 10 years were excluded.

Results

Results. The analysis found that the main rehabilitation treatments used in patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament are of protective character (wearing a functional orthosis or other immobilizing appliance, dosed walking with crutches) and physical activity (complex of exercises, swimming). The most effective way to prevent contractures is early activation of the limb and the maintenance of muscle tone. In turn, the main task of immobilization is prevention or relief of pain. Our study proposes the authors’ methods of rehabilitation which can be used for restorative treatment and accelerate the process of ligament repair. The work includes rehabilitation procedures performed at home after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament under the supervision of a rehabilitation instructor.

Discussion

Discussion. Rehabilitation of patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is a necessary complement to surgical treatment. Fast recovery of patients and a full return to an active lifestyle depend on a proper rehabilitation program.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.